Watching happy faces potentiates incentive salience but not hedonic reactions to palatable food cues in overweight/obese adults

Appetite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Soussignan ◽  
Benoist Schaal ◽  
Tao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Obese Adults

Gut microbiome profiles vary by the propensity to attribute incentive salience to palatable food cues in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Susan Schembre ◽  
Kristi Hoffman ◽  
Francesco Versace ◽  
Joe Petrosini ◽  
Carrie Daniel-MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Food Cues

scholarly journals Ghrelin enhances food odor conditioning in healthy humans: an fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Han ◽  
Johannes Frasnelli ◽  
Yashar Zeighami ◽  
Kevin Larcher ◽  
Julie Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Food Odor ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Odor Conditioning

SummaryVulnerability to obesity includes eating in response to food cues, which acquire incentive value through conditioning. The conditioning process is largely subserved by dopamine, theorized to encode the discrepancy between expected and actual rewards, known as the reward prediction error (RPE). Ghrelin is a gut-derived homeostatic hormone that triggers hunger and eating. Despite extensive evidence that ghrelin stimulates dopamine, it remains unknown in humans if ghrelin modulates food cue learning. Here we show using functional magnetic resonance imaging that intravenously administered ghrelin increased RPE-related activity in dopamine-responsive areas during food odor conditioning in healthy volunteers. Participants responded faster to food odor-associated cues and perceived them to be more pleasant following ghrelin injection. Ghrelin also increased functional connectivity between hippocampus and ventral striatum. Our work demonstrates that ghrelin promotes the ability of cues to acquire incentive salience, and has implications for the development of vulnerability to obesity.

scholarly journals Food at first sight: Visual attention to palatable food cues on TV and subsequent unhealthy food intake in unsuccessful restrained eaters

Appetite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 104574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique C. Alblas ◽  
Saar Mollen ◽  
Marieke L. Fransen ◽  
Bas van den Putte
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Food Cues

Mere exposure to palatable food cues reduces restrained eaters’ physical effort to obtain healthy food

Appetite ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido M. van Koningsbruggen ◽  
Wolfgang Stroebe ◽  
Henk Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Mere Exposure ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Physical Effort

scholarly journals Neurobiological features of binge eating disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Balodis ◽  
Carlos M. Grilo ◽  
Marc N. Potenza
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Food Cues

Biobehavioral features associated with binge-eating disorder (BED) have been investigated; however, few systematic reviews to date have described neuroimaging findings from studies of BED. Emerging functional and structural studies support BED as having unique and overlapping neural features as compared with other disorders. Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking heightened responses to palatable food cues with prefrontal areas, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), with specific relationships to hunger and reward-sensitivity measures. While few studies to date have investigated non-food-cue responses; these suggest a generalized hypofunctioning in frontostriatal areas during reward and inhibitory control processes. Early studies applying neuroimaging to treatment efforts suggest that targeting neural function underlying motivational processes may prove important in the treatment of BED.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to food and cocaine cues are independent traits in a large sample of heterogeneous stock rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. King ◽  
Jordan A. Tripi ◽  
Alesa R. Hughson ◽  
Aidan P. Horvath ◽  
Alexander C. Lamparelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Heterogeneous Stock ◽  
Conditioned Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Conditioned Cue Preference

AbstractSensitivity to cocaine and its associated stimuli (“cues”) are important factors in the development and maintenance of addiction. Rodent studies suggest that this sensitivity is related, in part, to the propensity to attribute incentive salience to food cues, which, in turn, contributes to the maintenance of cocaine self-administration, and cue-induced relapse of drug-seeking. Whereas each of these traits has established links to drug use, the relatedness between the individual traits themselves has not been well characterized in preclinical models. To this end, the propensity to attribute incentive salience to a food cue was first assessed in two distinct cohorts of 2716 outbred heterogeneous stock rats (HS; formerly N:NIH). We then determined whether each cohort was associated with performance in one of two paradigms (cocaine conditioned cue preference and cocaine contextual conditioning). These measure the unconditioned locomotor effects of cocaine, as well as conditioned approach and the locomotor response to a cocaine-paired floor or context. There was large individual variability and sex differences among all traits, but they were largely independent of one another in both males and females. These findings suggest that these traits may contribute to drug-use via independent underlying neuropsychological processes.

scholarly journals The Orexigenic Force of Olfactory Palatable Food Cues in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3101
Author(s):  
Fiona Peris-Sampedro ◽  
Iris Stoltenborg ◽  
Marie V. Le May ◽  
Pol Sole-Navais ◽  
Roger A. H. Adan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Olfactory Detection ◽  
Food Seeking ◽  
External Stimuli

Environmental cues recalling palatable foods motivate eating beyond metabolic need, yet the timing of this response and whether it can develop towards a less palatable but readily available food remain elusive. Increasing evidence indicates that external stimuli in the olfactory modality communicate with the major hub in the feeding neurocircuitry, namely the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc), but the neural substrates involved have been only partially uncovered. By means of a home-cage hidden palatable food paradigm, aiming to mimic ubiquitous exposure to olfactory food cues in Western societies, we investigated whether the latter could drive the overeating of plain chow in non-food-deprived male rats and explored the neural mechanisms involved, including the possible engagement of the orexigenic ghrelin system. The olfactory detection of a familiar, palatable food impacted upon meal patterns, by increasing meal frequency, to cause the persistent overconsumption of chow. In line with the orexigenic response observed, sensing the palatable food in the environment stimulated food-seeking and risk-taking behavior, which are intrinsic components of food acquisition, and caused active ghrelin release. Our results suggest that olfactory food cues recruited intermingled populations of cells embedded within the feeding circuitry within the Arc, including, notably, those containing the ghrelin receptor. These data demonstrate the leverage of ubiquitous food cues, not only for palatable food searching, but also to powerfully drive food consumption in ways that resonate with heightened hunger, for which the orexigenic ghrelin system is implicated.

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