Substrate gradient formation in the large-scale bioreactor lowers cell yield and increases by-product formation

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bylund ◽  
E. Collet ◽  
S.-O. Enfors ◽  
G. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Gradient Formation ◽  
Large Scale Bioreactor

scholarly journals Reproduction of Large-Scale Bioreactor Conditions on Microfluidic Chips

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Ho ◽  
Christoph Westerwalbesloh ◽  
Eugen Kaganovitch ◽  
Alexander Grünberger ◽  
Peter Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
Large Scale Bioreactor

Microbial cells in industrial large-scale bioreactors are exposed to fluctuating conditions, e.g., nutrient concentration, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH. These inhomogeneities can influence the cell physiology and metabolism, e.g., decelerate cell growth and product formation. Microfluidic systems offer new opportunities to study such effects in great detail by examining responses to varying environmental conditions at single-cell level. However, the possibility to reproduce large-scale bioreactor conditions in microscale cultivation systems has not yet been systematically investigated. Hence, we apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze and compare three commonly used microfluidic single-cell trapping and cultivation devices that are based on (i) mother machines (MM), (ii) monolayer growth chambers (MGC), and (iii) negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP). Several representative time-variant nutrient concentration profiles are applied at the chip entry. Responses to these input signals within the studied microfluidic devices are comparatively evaluated at the positions of the cultivated cells. The results are comprehensively presented in a Bode diagram that illustrates the degree of signal damping depending on the frequency of change in the inlet concentration. As a key finding, the MM can accurately reproduce signal changes that occur within 1 s or slower, which are typical for the environmental conditions observed by single cells in large-scale bioreactors, while faster changes are levelled out. In contrast, the nDEP and MGC are found to level out signal changes occurring within 10 s or faster, which can be critical for the proposed application.

scholarly journals Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Shafaq Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Asma Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl

The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.

Large-Scale Bioreactor Pilots for Monitoring the Long-Term Hydromechanics of MSW

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias J. Staub ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gourc ◽  
Nicolas Drut ◽  
Guillaume Stoltz ◽  
Alicia A. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Bioreactor

Large-scale bioreactor production of the herbicide-degrading Aminobacter sp. strain MSH1

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2335-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Schultz-Jensen ◽  
Berith E. Knudsen ◽  
Zuzana Frkova ◽  
Jens Aamand ◽  
Tina Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Bioreactor

Mass propagation of shoots of Stevia rebaudiana using a large scale bioreactor

1994 ◽  
Vol 13-13 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motomu Akita ◽  
Takeo Shigeoka ◽  
Yoko Koizumi ◽  
Michio Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Large Scale Bioreactor

scholarly journals Challenges in Enzymatic Route of Mannitol Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheelendra Mangal Bhatt ◽  
Anand Mohan ◽  
Suresh Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mannitol Production ◽  
Enzymatic Route ◽  
Industrial Level

Mannitol is an important biochemical often used as medicine and in food sector, yet its biotechnological is not preffered in Industry for large scale production, which may be due to the multistep mechanism involved in hydrogenation and reduction. This paper is a comparative preview covering present chemical and biotechnological approaches existing today for mannitol production at industrial scale. Biotechnological routes are suitable for adaptation at industrial level for mannitol production, and whatever concerns are there had been discussed in detail, namely, raw materials, broad range of enzymes with high activity at elevated temperature suitable for use in reactor, cofactor limitation, reduced by-product formation, end product inhibition, and reduced utilization of mannitol for enhancing the yield with maximum volumetric productivity.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Constant-Flow Woodchip Bioreactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1545-1554
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Hartfiel ◽  
Michelle L. Soupir ◽  
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Bypass Flow ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Large Scale Bioreactor

HighlightsTechno-economic analysis was performed for multiple scales of bioreactors operated under a variety of conditions.The unit cost decreased as the bioreactor size increased.The unit cost increased in bioreactors with longer HRTs and bypass flow due to reduced treatment capacity.One large bioreactor was more cost-effective than multiple smaller bioreactors.Abstract. Woodchip denitrification bioreactors are a relatively new, edge-of-field technology used to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from subsurface tile drainage. The removal rate of nitrate is influenced by many factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and hydraulic residence time (HRT). The objective of this study was to conduct a techno-economic analysis (TEA) for four scales of woodchip denitrification bioreactors operating at three HRTs (2, 8, and 16 h), designed with bypass flow or with a low probability of bypass flow, to determine the cost to remove 1 kg of NO3-N at each bioreactor scale and at each HRT. Several assumptions were made: the flow rate required to achieve a 2 h HRT on a per m3 basis could be achieved at all scales, the same mass removal of NO3-N was achieved on a per cubic meter basis, and the 2 h HRT did not have any bypass flow at each scale. With these assumptions, the lowest unit cost was observed for the large-scale bioreactor sized to have a low probability of bypass flow at 16 h HRT, with a resulting cost of $0.74 kg-1 NO3-N removed. The highest unit cost was observed for the pilot-scale bioreactor designed with bypass flow to achieve a 16 h HRT at a cost of $60.13 kg-1 NO3-N removed. At longer HRTs with bypass flow, a greater percent removal of nitrate has been observed with a lower mass removal rate. By having a low probability of bypass flow in the design, a higher mass removal and percent removal of nitrate were observed, leading to the above results. Contrasting this trend, the total and annual costs were highest for the large-scale bioreactor and lowest for the pilot-scale bioreactor. However, it was determined that 783%, 280%, and 54% increases in total cost for the pilot-, small-, and medium-scale bioreactors would be incurred to implement the number of bioreactors (66, 24, and 4, respectively) required to treat the same volume of flow as one large bioreactor. These results can be used to inform future design decisions and inform stakeholders of the approximate unit cost of installing a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor over a range of expected field conditions. While a larger bioreactor with a low probability of bypass flow may represent a more cost-effective investment, the potential for unintended, negative byproducts needs to be considered in the design. Keywords: Denitrification, Nitrate, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.

Large-scale bioreactor expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arian Sadeghi ◽  
Linnea Pauler ◽  
Cecilia Annerén ◽  
Andrew Friberg ◽  
Daniel Brandhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Large Scale Bioreactor
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