Microemulsion polymerization of styrene using a polymerizable nonionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant

2001 ◽  
Vol 279 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Xu ◽  
K. S. Siow ◽  
M. K. Wong ◽  
L. M. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Polymerizable Nonionic Surfactant

The Effect of Surfactant on the Morphology of SnO2 Nanoarrays

2011 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Yu Jing ◽  
Qiang Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Disordered Structure

The morphology of SnO2nanoarrays prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by hydrothermal method can be controlled through using different surfactants. The surfactants play an important role in influencing the morphology and size of SnO2nanoarrays. The rod-like nano-arrays prepared by using cationic surfactant, disordered structure randomly assembled by nanoparticle obtained by using anionic surfactant, the flower-like nanoarrays synthesized by using nonionic surfactant. Furthermore, the effect of the amount of nonionic surfactant-polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) on the morphology and size of flower-like SnO2nanoarrays has systematically been investigated.

Efficacy of Glyphosate Plus Bentazon or Quizalofop on Glyphosate-Resistant Canola or Corn

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Tao ◽  
Jingkai Zhou ◽  
Calvin G. Messersmith ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Silicone Surfactant ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Petroleum Oil ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of glyphosate on efficacy of bentazon for glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola control and of quizalofop for GR corn control. Control also was evaluated for glyphosate plus bentazon on wild buckwheat and wheat and glyphosate plus quizalofop on velvetleaf. Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled GR canola and wild buckwheat but were antagonistic for wheat control. Glyphosate plus quizalofop were additive for control of GR corn and velvetleaf. Inert ingredients in glyphosate formulations, i.e., cationic surfactant, NH4, or K, contributed to glyphosate synergism of bentazon, but the major contribution came from glyphosate itself. Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola was enhanced by ammonium nitrate (AMN), ammonium sulfate (AMS), nonionic surfactant (NIS), or silicone surfactant (SiS) but was slightly decreased by methylated seed oil (MSO) or petroleum oil concentrate. AMN, AMS, NIS, and SiS partially overcame the antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat control. NIS enhanced phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corn and velvetleaf, but the enhancement was less than by SiS or MSO to GR corn and SiS or AMS to velvetleaf.

Adsorption of a Switchable Cationic Surfactant on Natural Carbonate Minerals

SPE Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyu Cui ◽  
Kun Ma ◽  
Ahmed A. Abdala ◽  
Lucas J. Lu ◽  
Ivan Tanakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Surfactant Precipitation ◽  
High Pressure Co2 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Summary A switchable cationic surfactant (e.g., tertiary amine surfactant Ethomeen C12) was previously described as a surfactant that one can inject in high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) for foam-mobility control. C12 can dissolve in high-pressure CO2 as a nonionic surfactant and equilibrate with brine as a cationic surfactant. Here, we describe the adsorption characteristics of this surfactant in carbonate-formation materials. The adsorption of this surfactant is sensitive to the equilibrium pH, the electrolyte composition of the brine, and the minerals in carbonate-formation materials. Pure C12 is a nonionic surfactant. When it is mixed with brine, the solution has a high pH and limited solubility. However, when the surfactant solution in brine is equilibrated with high-pressure CO2, the pH is approximately 4; the surfactant switches to a cationic surfactant and becomes soluble. Thus, the adsorption is also a function of pH. The adsorption of C12 on calcite at low pH is low (e.g., 0.5 mg/m2). However, if the carbonate formation contains silica or clays, the adsorption is high, as is typical for cationic surfactants. The adsorption of C12 on silica decreases with an increase in divalent (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and trivalent (Al3+) cations. This is because of the competition for the negatively charged silica sites between the multivalent cations and the monovalent cationic surfactant. An additional effect of the presence of divalent cations in the brine is that it reduces the dissolution of calcite or dolomite in the presence of high-pressure CO2. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite is harmful because of formation damage and increased alkalinity. The latter raises the pH and thus increases the adsorption of C12 or even causes surfactant precipitation.

scholarly journals Study of the Air-Entraining Behavior Based on the Interactions between Cement Particles and Selected Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Zhitao Chen ◽  
Yingzi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Air Entraining Agents ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Positively Charged

The essential role of the air void size distribution in air-entrained cementitious materials is widely accepted. However, how the air-entraining behavior is affected by features such as the molecular structure of air-entraining agents (AEAs), the type of solid particles, or the chemical environment of the pore solution in fresh mortars is still not well understood. Besides, methods to assess the interaction between AEAs and cement particles are limited. Thus, in this study, the air-entraining behaviors of three kinds of surfactant (cationic, anionic, and nonionic) were examined. The general working mechanisms of these surfactants were studied by zeta potential and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Results indicate that the cationic surfactant entrains improper coarse air voids due to the strong electrical interaction between air bubbles formed by the cationic surfactant and negatively charged cement particles. The anionic surfactant interacts with the positively charged part of cement particles, and thus entrains finer air voids. The interaction between the nonionic surfactant and cement particles is very weak; as a result, the nonionic surfactant entrains the finest and homogeneous air voids.

scholarly journals Direct Potentiometric Study of Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants in Disinfectants and Personal Care Products by New Surfactant Sensor Based on 1,3-Dihexadecyl−1H-benzo[d]imidazol−3-ium

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Nikola Sakač ◽  
Dean Marković ◽  
Bojan Šarkanj ◽  
Dubravka Madunić-Čačić ◽  
Krunoslav Hajdek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Two Phase

A novel, simple, low-cost, and user-friendly potentiometric surfactant sensor based on the new 1,3-dihexadecyl−1H-benzo[d]imidazol−3-ium-tetraphenylborate (DHBI–TPB) ion-pair for the detection of cationic surfactants in personal care products and disinfectants is presented here. The new cationic surfactant DHBI-Br was successfully synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and elemental analysis and was further employed for DHBI–TPB ion-pair preparation. The sensor gave excellent response characteristics for CTAB, CPC and Hyamine with a Nernstian slope (57.1 to 59.1 mV/decade) whereas the lowest limit of detection (LOD) value was measured for CTAB (0.3 × 10−6 M). The sensor exhibited a fast dynamic response to dodecyl sulfate (DDS) and TPB. High sensor performances stayed intact regardless of the employment of inorganic and organic cations and in a broad pH range (2−11). Titration of cationic and etoxylated (EO)-nonionic surfactant (NSs) (in Ba2+) mixtures with TPB revealed the first inflexion point for a cationic surfactant and the second for an EO-nonionic surfactant. The increased concentration of EO-nonionic surfactants and the number of EO groups had a negative influence on titration curves and signal change. The sensor was successfully applied for the quantification of technical-grade cationic surfactants and in 12 personal care products and disinfectants. The results showed good agreement with the measurements obtained by a commercial surfactant sensor and by a two-phase titration. A good recovery for the standard addition method (98–102%) was observed.

scholarly journals Effect of Adding Lecithin and Nonionic Surfactant on α-Gels Based on a Cationic Surfactant-Fatty Alcohol Mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Kenji Aramaki ◽  
Yuka Matsuura ◽  
Katsuki Kawahara ◽  
Daisuke Matsutomo ◽  
Yoshikazu Konno
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Mixture
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