Paxilline-negative mutants of Penicillium paxilli generated by heterologous and homologous plasmid integration

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Young ◽  
Yasuo Itoh ◽  
R. Johnson ◽  
I. Garthwaite ◽  
Christopher O. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Integration ◽  
Penicillium Paxilli

scholarly journals Functional analysis of Hypoxylon pulicicidum genes required for heterologous biosynthesis of nodulisporic acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kyle Cornelius Van de Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Heterologous Biosynthesis ◽  
Veterinary Medicines ◽  
Penicillium Paxilli ◽  
Geranylgeranyl Transferase ◽  
Nodulisporic Acids

<p>Nature holds some of the greatest secrets in drug design and development and the ability to access these trade secrets has been revolutionised by modern bioengineering technologies. In order to exploit these technologies it is essential to understand what genes are involved in compound production and the enzymatic steps that limit flux to the desired product. This thesis describes the discovery of four secondary-metabolic enzymatic steps involved in the biosynthesis of a group of valuable natural products known as nodulisporic acids. Nodulisporic acids are known for their potent insecticidal activities; however, biosynthesis of these compounds by the natural fungal producer, Hypoxylon pulicicidum (Nodulisporium sp.), is exceptionally difficult and has prevented the commercial development of novel nodulisporic acid-containing veterinary medicines and crop protects. To discover how nodulisporic acids are biosynthesized: 1. the H. pulicicidum genome was sequenced 2. a gene cluster responsible for nodulisporic acid production was predicted 3. genes in the cluster were functionally characterised by pathway reconstitution in a common, fast growing mould, Penicillium paxilli In turn, four genes involved in the biosynthesis of the nodulisporic acid core compound, nodulisporic acid F, have been functionally characterised. The four genes encode a geranylgeranyl transferase (NodC), a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxygenase (NodM), an indole diterpene cyclase (NodB) and a cytochrome P450 oxygenase (NodW). Two of the gene products (NodM and NodW) catalyse two previously unreported reactions that provide the enzymatic basis of the biosynthetic branch point unique to nodulisporic acid biosynthesis. From here, future efforts will explore how these genes can be engineered to overcome flux bottlenecks and enable production of significantly increased, and even industrially relevant, product titres.</p>

Molecular biology of Epichloe endophyte toxin biosynthesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Barry Scott ◽  
Carolyn Young ◽  
Lisa Mcmillan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Genetically Modify ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Penicillium Paxilli ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Mutualistic Association ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Epichloë endophytes are an important group of filamentous fungi that confer on the grass host a range of biological benefits. However, endophyte synthesis of ergopeptine and indole-diterpene mammalian toxins in pasture grasses is detrimental to livestock grazing on that forage. The molecular cloning of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these toxins will enhance our ability to maximise the beneficial attributes of this mutualistic association through the availability of DNA probes to screen and select for desirable endophytes and through our ability to genetically modify endophytes. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of both classes of alkaloids have recently been cloned from Claviceps purpurea and Penicillium paxilli. In both cases the genes are organised in large clusters; a feature that will facilitate a complete genetic analysis of each pathway and provide probes for isolating homologous genes from Epichloë endophytes. This paper reviews recent research developments on the molecular biology of these two pathways. Keywords: Epichloë endophytes, ergopeptines, gene cloning, gene manipulation, indole-diterpenes

Production of acidocin B, a bacteriocin of M46 is a plasmid-encoded trait: Plasmid curing, genetic marking by in vivo plasmid integration, and gene transfer

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J VANDERVOSSEN ◽  
M VANHERWIJNEN ◽  
R LEER ◽  
B TENBRINK ◽  
P POUWELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Plasmid Integration ◽  
Genetic Marking

A new tremorgenic metabolite from Penicillium paxilli

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cole ◽  
Jerry W. Kirksey ◽  
John M. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Penicillium Paxilli

A new tremorgenic metabolite was found in the chloroform extracts of cultures of Penicillium paxilli. Purified tremorgen had a molecular formula of C27H33NO4 and data supported the presence of an indole moiety. Administration of the tremorgen orally to 1-day-old cockerels and intraperitoneally to mice caused sustained tremors that persisted for about 24 h. The tremorgen also caused mice to overreact to sound stimuli.

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