Thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics, activation barriers, and reaction mechanisms for chemical reactions in Karst Terrains

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. White
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Karst Terrains

scholarly journals The Principle of Conservation of Structural Aspect: Facilitating Visual Communication and Learning in Organic Chemistry Instruction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
john andraos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Structural Aspect ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Chemistry Instruction ◽  
Individual Reaction ◽  
Training Exercises

<p>An effective pedagogical method is presented for the visual communication of chemical reactions learned in organic chemistry undergraduate courses. The basis for the method is the preservation of the visual aspect of reactant and product structures so that the tracking of cleaved and formed chemical bonds is made self-evident. This consequently leads to improved clarity of presentation and a better understanding and grasp of proposed reaction mechanisms to explain product outcomes. The method is demonstrated for a variety of individual reaction types and synthesis plans. Various visual training exercises are also presented using ChemDraw Ultra 7.0 software and literature table of contents (TOC) graphics appearing in journal articles.</p><br>

Monitoring of chemical transformations by mass spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 6947-6959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chi Chen ◽  
Po-Chiao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Transformations

During the last several decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has rapidly developed as a practical technique that can be used to monitor chemical reactions and investigate reaction mechanisms.

Estimate of the activation barriers of chemical reactions on a silica surface

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Gorlov ◽  
V. A. Zaets ◽  
A. A. Chuiko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Activation Barriers

CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE O(1D) + HCl SYSTEM III.

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEYUKI KAMISAKA ◽  
HIROKI NAKAMURA ◽  
SHINKOH NANBU ◽  
MUTSUMI AOYAGI ◽  
WENSHENG BIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Energy Surfaces ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Total Angular Momentum ◽  
Nonadiabatic Transitions ◽  
Angular Momentum Quantum Number ◽  
Energy Surfaces

Using the accurate global potential energy surfaces for the 11A′′ and 21A′ states reported in the previous sister Paper I, detailed quantum dynamics calculations are performed for these adiabatic surfaces separately for J = 0 (J: total angular momentum quantum number). In addition to the significant overall contributions of these states to the title reactions reported in the second Paper II of this series, quantum dynamics on these excited potential energy surfaces (PES) are clarified in terms of the PES topographies, which are quite different from that of the ground PES. The reaction mechanisms are found to be strongly selective and nicely explained as vibrationally nonadiabatic transitions in the vicinity of potential ridge.

Organic chemistry students' ideas about nucleophiles and electrophiles: the role of charges and mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Anzovino ◽  
Stacey Lowery Bretz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
Specific Chemical Reactions

Organic chemistry students struggle with reaction mechanisms and the electron-pushing formalism (EPF) used by practicing organic chemists. Faculty have identified an understanding of nucleophiles and electrophiles as one conceptual prerequisite to mastery of the EPF, but little is known about organic chemistry students' knowledge of nucleophiles and electrophiles. This research explored the ideas held by second-semester organic chemistry students about nucleophiles and electrophiles, finding that these students prioritize structure over function, relying primarily on charges to define and identify such species, both in general and in the context of specific chemical reactions. Contrary to faculty who view knowledge of nucleophiles and electrophiles as prerequisite to learning mechanisms and EPF, students demonstrated that they needed to know the mechanism of a reaction before they were able to assess whether the reaction involved nucleophiles and electrophiles or not.

scholarly journals Reaction mechanisms of furfuryl alcohol polymer with wood cell wall components

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Shen ◽  
Dengkang Guo ◽  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Gaiyun Li ◽  
Sheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components ◽  
C Nmr

Abstract Wood properties of furfurylation can be altered by reaction mechanisms of furfuryl alcohol polymer (PFA) and cell walls. Although chemical reactions between PFA and lignin have been studied, reaction mechanisms between PFA and cell wall components, including lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are still not comprehensively understood. In order to elucidate chemical reactions regarding PFA with wood cell walls, model compounds of main cell wall components were used to investigate its reactions with PFA by 13C NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that there was no chemical bonding of PFA with either cellulose or hemicellulose. Condensations of uncrowded ring positions (meta, ortho and para) and side chains (α–C, β–C, β–OH, and γ–OH) of lignin with PFA did occur based on 13C NMR spectra. Reaction enthalpy and activation energy also confirmed the condensation reactions between lignin and PFA. This study could provide design guidelines to control the chemical reactions of PFA in cell walls and lignin and, therefore, improve the properties of furfurylated wood.

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