Estimate of the activation barriers of chemical reactions on a silica surface

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Gorlov ◽  
V. A. Zaets ◽  
A. A. Chuiko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Activation Barriers

Hydrolysis of the amorphous silica surface. II. Calculation of activation barriers and mechanisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (20) ◽  
pp. 9191-9201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany R. Walsh ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Adrian P. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Driving chemical reactions with polariton condensates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhana Pannir-Sivajothi ◽  
Jorge Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo ◽  
Luis Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Shubham Sinha ◽  
Joel Yuen-Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Einstein Condensation ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
Energy Redistribution ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Infrared Laser Sources ◽  
The Many ◽  
Electron Transfer Processes ◽  
Bose Einstein

Abstract When molecular transitions strongly couple to photon modes, they form hybrid light-matter modes called polaritons. Collective vibrational strong coupling is a promising avenue for control of chemistry, but this can be deterred by the large number of quasi-degenerate dark modes. The macroscopic occupation of a single polariton mode by excitations, as observed in Bose-Einstein condensation, offers promise for overcoming this issue. Here we theoretically investigate the effect of vibrational polariton condensation on the kinetics of electron transfer processes. Compared with excitation with infrared laser sources, the condensate changes the reaction yield significantly due to additional channels with reduced activation barriers resulting from the large accumulation of energy in the lower polariton, and the many modes available for energy redistribution during the reaction. Our results offer tantalizing opportunities to use condensates for driving chemical reactions, kinetically bypassing usual constraints of fast intramolecular vibrational redistribution in condensed phase.

scholarly journals Ultrafast solid-liquid intercalation enabled by targeted microwave energy delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (51) ◽  
pp. eabd9472
Author(s):  
Ming-Jian Zhang ◽  
Yandong Duan ◽  
Chong Yin ◽  
Maofan Li ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
Polar Media ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Solid Liquid

In chemical reactions, the breaking and formation of chemical bonds usually need external energy to overcome the activation barriers. Conventional energy delivery transfers energy from heating sources via various media, hence losing efficiency and inducing side reactions. In contrast, microwave (MW) heating is known to be highly energy efficient through dipole interaction with polar media, but how exactly it transmits energy to initiate chemical reactions has been unknown. Here, we report a rigorous determination of energy delivery mechanisms underlying MW-enabled rapid hydrothermal synthesis, by monitoring the structure and temperature of all the involved components as solid-liquid intercalation reaction occurs using in situ synchrotron techniques. We reveal a hitherto unknown direct energy transmission between MW irradiation source and the targeted reactants, leading to greatly reduced energy waste, and so the ultrafast kinetics at low temperature. These findings open up new horizons for designing material synthesis reactions of high efficiency and precision.

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