scholarly journals Maternal diabetes alters birth weight in glucokinase-deficient (MODY2) kindred but has no influence on adult weight, height, insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity

Diabetologia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Velho ◽  
A. T. Hattersley ◽  
P. Froguel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Adult Weight

Endogenous glucose production, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in normal glucose-tolerant Pima Indians with low birth weight

Metabolism ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Stefan ◽  
Christian Weyer ◽  
Claire Levy-Marchal ◽  
Michael Stumvoll ◽  
William C Knowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Endogenous Glucose

scholarly journals Effects of birth weight, sex and neonatal glucocorticoid overexposure on glucose–insulin dynamics in young adult horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Valenzuela ◽  
J. K. Jellyman ◽  
V. L. Allen ◽  
N. B. Holdstock ◽  
A. J. Forhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion

In several species, adult metabolic phenotype is influenced by the intrauterine environment, often in a sex-linked manner. In horses, there is also a window of susceptibility to programming immediately after birth but whether adult glucose–insulin dynamics are altered by neonatal conditions remains unknown. Thus, this study investigated the effects of birth weight, sex and neonatal glucocorticoid overexposure on glucose–insulin dynamics of young adult horses. For the first 5 days after birth, term foals were treated with saline as a control or ACTH to raise cortisol levels to those of stressed neonates. At 1 and 2 years of age, insulin secretion and sensitivity were measured by exogenous glucose administration and hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp, respectively. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was less in males than females at both ages, although there were no sex-linked differences in glucose tolerance. Insulin sensitivity was greater in females than males at 1 year but not 2 years of age. Birth weight was inversely related to the area under the glucose curve and positively correlated to insulin sensitivity at 2 years but not 1 year of age. In contrast, neonatal glucocorticoid overexposure induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment had no effect on whole body glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity at either age, although this treatment altered insulin receptor abundance in specific skeletal muscles of the 2-year-old horses. These findings show that glucose–insulin dynamics in young adult horses are sexually dimorphic and determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors acting during early life.

Birth weight and fetal death in the United States: The effect of maternal diabetes during pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam A.J. Mondestin ◽  
Cande V. Ananth ◽  
John C. Smulian ◽  
Anthony M. Vintzileos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
The United States

Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Akbay ◽  
M. B. Tıras ◽  
I. Yetkin ◽  
F. Törüner ◽  
R. Ersoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Pregnancy

Association of plasma acylcarnitines with insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and prediabetes in a biracial cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110094
Author(s):  
Ibiye Owei ◽  
Nkiru Umekwe ◽  
Frankie Stentz ◽  
Jim Wan ◽  
Sam Dagogo-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

The ability to predict prediabetes, which affects ∼90 million adults in the US and ∼400 million adults worldwide, would be valuable to public health. Acylcarnitines, fatty acid metabolites, have been associated with type 2 diabetes risk in cross-sectional studies of mostly Caucasian subjects, but prospective studies on their link to prediabetes in diverse populations are lacking. Here, we determined the association of plasma acylcarnitines with incident prediabetes in African Americans and European Americans enrolled in a prospective study. We analyzed 45 acylcarnitines in baseline plasma samples from 70 adults (35 African-American, 35 European-American) with incident prediabetes (progressors) and 70 matched controls (non-progressors) during 5.5-year (mean 2.6 years) follow-up in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. Incident prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance) was confirmed with OGTT. We measured acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and insulin secretion using intravenous glucose tolerance test. The results showed that progressors and non-progressors during POP-ABC study follow-up were concordant for 36 acylcarnitines and discordant for nine others. In logistic regression models, beta-hydroxy butyryl carnitine (C4-OH), 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl carnitine/malonyl carnitine (C5-OH/C3-DC), and octenoyl carnitine (C8:1) were the only significant predictors of incident prediabetes. The combined cut-off plasma levels of <0.03 micromol/L for C4-OH, <0.03 micromol/L for C5-OH/C3-DC, and >0.25 micromol/L for C8:1 acylcarnitines predicted incident prediabetes with 81.9% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity. Thus, circulating levels of one medium-chain and two short-chain acylcarnitines may be sensitive biomarkers for the risk of incident prediabetes among initially normoglycemic individuals with parental history of type 2 diabetes.

Diurnal variations in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in aged subjects

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Pisu ◽  
Antonio Diana ◽  
Alessandra Lombardi ◽  
Maurizio Cassader ◽  
Gianfranco Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Aged Subjects
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