Effect of the length of the kernel filling period and the kernel filling rate on the grain yield of maize under different water supply conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Filling Rate

scholarly journals Exploiting Grain-Filling Rate and Effective Grain-Filling Duration to Improve Grain Yield of Early-Maturing Maize

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Peter Setimela ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Paul T. Gibson ◽  
Patrick Okori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Khan ◽  
M.R. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

Studies on the nitrogen and water relations of wheat II. Effects of varying nitrogen and water supply on growth and grain yield

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. M. Parameswaran ◽  
R. D. Graham ◽  
D. Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Relations

The effect of boron tolerance, deep ripping with gypsum, and water supply on subsoil water extraction of cereals on an alkaline soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Nuttall ◽  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
D. J. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Multiple Constraints ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Subsoil Water ◽  
High Boron ◽  
Sodium Tolerance

Crop adaptation to edaphic constraints has focussed largely on increasing boron (B) tolerance in cereals, targeted to alkaline soils with high boron content. However, recent studies have implicated several other physicochemical constraints, such as salinity and sodicity, in reduced grain yields of cereals by restricting water extraction in the subsoil. Consequently, the value of B-tolerance may be limited on soils where multiple constraints exist. To test the contribution of B-tolerance where multiple constraints exist, near-isogenic lines of wheat and barley differing in B-tolerance were used, where growth and water extraction by crops in large intact cores, extracted from a Calcarosol profile, were measured. The effect of subsoil disturbance (deep ripping) and growing-season water supply was also investigated. Use of B-tolerant crops did not increase use of subsoil water or grain yield. Wheat and barley extracted soil water down to 0.6 m depth but not below 0.8 m. The soil B concentration of these 2 layers was equivalent (29 ν. 31 mg/kg), whereas salinity [(ECe) 7.2 ν. 8.1 dS/m] and sodicity [(ESP) 22 ν. 29%] both increased significantly with depth, implying that these 2 latter properties had a greater effect than B. Deep ripping with gypsum had no effect on grain yield. Wheat and barley grown under high water supply outyielded their counterparts grown under low water supply, although grain yield per unit of applied water for the crops under low water was 1.5 times that of the crops under high water regime. The results suggest that high salinity and sodicity, rather than B, were exerting the major effects on water extraction of wheat and barley from the deep subsoil, thus negating the effect of crop B-tolerance where multiple constraints exist. This highlights the need to breed cultivars with increased sodium tolerance, pyramided with current B-tolerance, for those crops targeted to many alkaline soils.

scholarly journals Inheritance Pattern of Earliness and Yield Related-Traits in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
A. Elakhdar ◽  
T. Kumamaru ◽  
M. Abd El-Aty ◽  
Kh. Amer ◽  
I. Eldegwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

To understand the genetic patterns of the physio-morphological traits for barley grain yield, six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were used to determine the type of gene action in the four barley crosses. Grain yield showed a strong positive association (r = 0.83 and 1) with Grain Filling Rate in Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 crosses, respectively. The relationship between yield and earliness was not consistent with crosses and positive (r) values were quite low. It should be possible to select early-maturing and high-yielding segregates with high 100- kernel weight. The results indicated that the dominance effect [dd] was more important and greater than the additive effect [aa] and [ad] for most traits. Positive heterosis over the mid- and better- parent was quite similar for the most traits, except for heading and maturity dates, that showed negative heterotic effects. The inbreeding depression was high significant and positive for Grain Filling Rate, chlorophyll contents, Flag Leaf area and 100- kernel weight. On the other hand, it was a negatively significant for the earliness trait (HD, MD, and GFP). The lack of uniformity for estimates of inbreeding depression can be explained by environmental variation and to its influence on the type of gene action. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 13.3% for Grain Filling Period in Giza12/RIL1 to 66.6% for heading dates in Giza121/RIL2 crosses. Genetic advance estimates were low due to lack of additive variance. The crosses Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 would be of interest in a breeding program, for improving characteristics of earliness, yield, and its components.

Response of early maturing maize landraces and improved varieties to moisture deficit and sufficient water supply

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Sam Ajala ◽  
Alpha Kamara ◽  
Abdou Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing

In drought-affected maize production zones with short growing periods, the development and use of early maturing drought-tolerant cultivars can stabilize maize production. We evaluated 10 improved and 25 farmers' early maturing maize varieties under moisture deficit and well-watered conditions for 2 years to identify suitable genetic materials for breeding drought-tolerant cultivars. The varieties exhibited significant differences in grain yield and other traits under both moisture deficit and well-watered conditions. Changes in the rank order of the varieties for grain yield was not significant across the different levels of moisture supply in this study. Grain yield was significantly correlated with days to anthesis, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear number and anthesis–silking interval (ASI) under the two irrigation treatments and with leaf death scores under moisture deficit, suggesting that the common traits were beneficial in maximizing grain yield under both sufficient water supply and moisture deficit. Grain yield and the traits significantly correlated with it differentiated the early maturing maize varieties into two distinct groups under well-watered condition and moisture deficit. The improved varieties were superior to the farmers' varieties in grain yield and other traits under moisture deficit, possibly due to selection of their progenitors for improved performance in multiple locations. We found some farmers' and improved varieties with similar yield potential and flowering time under well-watered conditions but with marked differences in grain yield and other traits under moisture deficit. Use of such promising landraces that would also be invaluable sources of desirable farmers-preferred end-use quality traits in combination with promising improved varieties as breeding materials could enhance the genetic grain from selection for drought tolerance in early maize.

Grain yield responsiveness to water supply in near-isogenic reduced-tillering wheat lines – An engineered crop trait near its upper limit

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Houshmandfar ◽  
Greg J. Rebetzke ◽  
Roger Lawes ◽  
Michael Tausz
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Cell membrane stability- an important criterion for selection of heat tolerant genotypes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894-1900
Author(s):  
Anzer Ul Islam ◽  
Ashok K. Chhabra ◽  
Satyaveer S. Dhanda ◽  
Renu Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Cell membrane stability, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, canopy temperature and grain yield were used to evaluate performance of 100 diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under timely sown and late sown heat stress conditions for two cropping season. The genotypes differed significantly for all the traits show-ing considerable variation for improvement of characters. The genotypes WH1165 had significant high grain yield (14.6* g and 11.4g) and (11.3* g and 11.4* g) followed by cell membrane stability under timely sown and heat stress conditions, respectively indicating potential tolerance against heat stress. Correlation coefficients revealed that cell membrane stability (0.451**) and (0.639**) in timely sown and in late sown conditions, respectively were the most important trait followed by grain filling rate (0.882** and 0.744**) under timely sown and late sown conditions respec-tively. Results revealed that bread wheat genotypes which had high value of cell membrane stability had high grain yield showed potential photorespiration and high grain filling rate under heat stress condition. Twenty two genotypes WH1021, WH1155, VL803, WH787, NW1014, Raj3765, HD1869, 2042, WH1124, HD2285, WH1133, HUW234, 4066, Sonak, UP2425, UP2473, PBW503, PBW373, PBW533, SGP13, HD2643 and WH789 were identified as heat tolerant genotypes based on their relative performance in yield components, grain yield and heat susceptibility indi-ces. These genotypes were found to be ideal candidates to be used in developing heat tolerant wheat varieties. Canopy temperature, membrane thermostability and grain filling rate have also shown strong correlation with grain yield. Because of this association, these traits constitute the best available ‘tool’ for genetic improvement of wheat suitable for cultivation under heat stressed environments. Thus, these could be used as indirect selection criteria for developing heat tolerant wheat genotypes that would provide sufficient yields to meet the ever increasing wheat demand.

scholarly journals Synthetic nitrogen coupled with seaweed extract and microbial inoculants improves rice (Oryza sativa L.) production under a dual cropping system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Ke Wu ◽  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Liang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The over-reliance on synthetic nitrogen (N) in current farming is a major concern because of its adverse effects on soil quality, the environment, and crop production. Organic fertilizers such as seaweed extract (SE) and microbial inoculants (MI) provide alternatives to chemical fertilizers that could decrease the amount of synthetic N needing to be applied and improve crop growth productivity. This study evaluated the combined effect of SE and MI with reduced N rates on the growth, biomass accumulation, yield, and yield components of an N-efficient rice cultivar (Baixiang 139-A) and N-inefficient rice cultivar (Guiyu 9-B). Field experiments were conducted in the early and late growing seasons at different sites in Guangxi province, China, in 2019. A total of five treatments, such as T1: N 180 + SE 0 + MI 0 (kg ha-1) (control); T2: N 180 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha -1); T3: N 144 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1); T4: N 126 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1); and T5: N 108 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1) were used. The leaf area index (LAI), effective panicle number, grain per spike, grain filling rate, and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased in T2 and T3 compared with the control. T2and T3 enhanced the biomass accumulation and grain yield of rice compared with the control. Furthermore, differences in the growth, yield, and yield components among the different cultivars were significant; however, there were no significant differences among the different locations. T3 increased the LAI, grain filling rate, biomass accumulation, and grain yield of rice by 4.5%, 5.9%, 6.6%, and 5.2%, respectively, compared with the control. Improvements in grain yield were mainly attributed to the enhanced growth and yield components. The correlation analysis also confirmed that LAI, productive tillers, grain filling rate, and biomass accumulation were positively correlated with grain yield. In sum, T3 (N144 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1)) could achieve higher grain yield despite a reduction in the usage of chemical N. Generally, this study provides a sustainable nutrient management plan that increases crop production while minimizing costs of chemical N fertilizer application.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document