Quaternary integrated pest management concept for powdery mildew in sugar beet. I. Analysis of epidemic determinants to predict disease onset

2006 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. J. Wolf ◽  
R. Lenz ◽  
K. Baron ◽  
J.-A. Verreet
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Management Concept

scholarly journals Future of Insecticide Seed Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8792
Author(s):  
Milorad Vojvodić ◽  
Renata Bažok
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Good Efficacy ◽  
Active Substances

Seed treatment as a method of local application of pesticides in precise agriculture reduces the amount of pesticides used per unit area and is considered to be the safest, cheapest and most ecologically acceptable method of protecting seeds and young plants from pests in the early stages of their development. With the introduction of insecticides from the neonicotinoid group in the mid-1990s, the frequency of seed treatment increased. Due to suspected negative effects on pollinators, most of these insecticides are banned in the European Union. The ban has therefore led to a reduction in the number of active substances approved for seed treatment and to an increased re-use of active substances from the group of pyrethroids as well as other organophosphorus insecticides, which pose potentially very serious risks, perhaps even greater than those of the banned neonicotinoids. The objective of this review is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of seed treatment and the potential role of insecticide seed treatment in reducing the negative impact of pesticides on the environment. The main disadvantage of this method is that it has been widely accepted and has become a prophylactic protective measure applied to almost all fields. This is contrary to the principles of integrated pest management and leads to an increased input of insecticides into the environment, by treating a larger number of hectares with a lower amount of active ingredient, and a negative impact on beneficial entomofauna. In addition, studies show that due to the prophylactic approach, the economic and technical justification of this method is often questionable. Extremely important for a quality implementation are the correct processing and implementation of the treatment procedure as well as the selection of appropriate insecticides, which have proven to be problematic in the case of neonicotinoids. The ban on neonicotinoids and the withdrawal of seed treatments in oilseed rape and sugar beet has led to increased problems with a range of pests affecting these crops at an early stage of growth. The results of the present studies indicate good efficacy of active ingredients belonging to the group of anthranilic diamides, cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole in the treatment of maize, soybean, sugar beet and rice seeds on pests of the above-ground part of the plant, but not on wireworms. Good efficacy in controlling wireworms in maize is shown by an insecticide in the naturalites group, spinosad, but it is currently used to treat seeds of vegetable crops, mainly onions, to control onion flies and flies on other vegetable crops. Seed treatment as a method only fits in with the principles of integrated pest management when treated seeds are sown on land where there is a positive prognosis for pest infestation.

Optimization of integrated pest management for powdery mildew (Unincula necator) control in a vineyard based on a combination of phenological, meteorological and aerobiological data

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FERNÁNDEZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
F. J. RODRÍGUEZ-RAJO ◽  
O. ESCUREDO ◽  
M. J. AIRA
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Powdery Mildew Infection

SUMMARYPowdery mildew is one of the most important vineyard diseases. Infection requires the interaction of a susceptible host (a vine in a phenological phase susceptible to the pathogen), a virulent pathogen (the fungus Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr) and an environment favourable for disease development (optimal meteorological conditions). The aim of the present study was the implementation of a system to predict powdery mildew infection periods in order to optimize and reduce the application of pesticide treatments in a vineyard. The study was conducted in a vineyard of the ‘Ribeiro’ Designation of Origin region located in north-western Spain from 2006 to 2011, during the Vitis vegetative period. The phenological study was conducted following the BBCH phenological scale and infection risk index (IRI) was calculated based on the maximum temperature. Aerobiological sampling was performed using a LANZONI VPPS-2000 volumetric trap. The results of the study show that the critical phenological stages for powdery mildew infection are 5 (inflorescence emergence), 6 (flowering) and 7 (development of fruit), as consequence of the high susceptibility of the vine. The IRI allows determination of the periods in which the meteorological conditions could facilitate fungal attacks during the aforementioned phenological phases. Finally, the aerobiological model helps to identify and predict the times of real infection risk among the possible periods described by the IRI with high accuracy, in order to avoid possible reappearance of infection symptoms in the vine. The combination of these three variables provides a valuable tool to establish an accurate, modern, integrated pest-management strategy in a vineyard.

Screening of alternative products for integrated pest management of cucurbit powdery mildew in Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Rur ◽  
Birgitta Rämert ◽  
Margareta Hökeberg ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
Laura Grenville-Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cucurbit Powdery Mildew

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document