Risk factors of hypomineralised second primary molars in a group of Iraqi schoolchildren

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ghanim ◽  
M. V. Morgan ◽  
R. J. Mariño ◽  
D. L. Bailey ◽  
D. J. Manton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars

scholarly journals Etiology of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars: A Prospective Twin Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Silva ◽  
N.M. Kilpatrick ◽  
J.M. Craig ◽  
D.J. Manton ◽  
P. Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The etiology of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) is unclear, but genetic and environmental factors have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of genes and environment to the etiology of HSPM and to identify potential environmental risk factors in a longitudinal twin cohort. Children from twin pregnancies ( N = 250) were recruited antenatally, and detailed demographic, health, and phenotypic data were collected at recruitment, 24- and 36-wk gestation, birth, and 18 mo of age. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was quantified for mothers at 28-wk gestation and infants at birth. Dental examinations were conducted on the twins at 6 y of age to determine the presence, severity, and extent of HSPM per standardized criteria. To investigate associations of environmental risk factors with HSPM, multiple logistic regression models were fitted with generalized estimating equations to adjust for twin correlation. Within- and between-pair analyses were performed for unshared continuous variables: birthweight and birth 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Twin-twin concordance for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pairs was calculated and compared after adjusting for identified risk factors. A total of 344 twins underwent the 6-y-old dental assessment; HSPM occurred in 68 (19.8%). After adjusting for potential confounders, vitamin D levels at birth, infantile eczema, dizygosity, in vitro fertilization, socioeconomic position, and maternal smoking beyond the first trimester of pregnancy demonstrated the strongest associations with HSPM. Overall concordance for HSPM was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.62) with weak evidence ( P = 0.078) of higher concordance in MZ twins (0.63; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.89) as compared with DZ twins (0.41; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.58). After adjusting for known risk factors, there was no evidence ( P = 0.172) for an additive genetic influence. These findings suggest that shared and unshared environmental factors, such as maternal smoking later in pregnancy and infantile eczema, are important in the etiology of HSPM.

On the Etiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre R. Vieira ◽  
Elaine Kup
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a condition that is defined based on its peculiar clinical presentation. Reports on the etiology of the condition and possible risk factors are inconclusive and the original suggestion that MIH is an idiopathic condition is often cited. Our group was the first to suggest MIH has a genetic component that involves genetic variation in genes expressed during dental enamel formation. In this report, we provide a rationale to explain the preferential affection of molars and incisors. We suggest that MIH is a genetic condition based on its prevalence, which varies depending on the geographic location, and the evidence that on occasion second primary molars, permanent canines, and premolars can show signs of hypomineralization of enamel when molars and incisors are affected.

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