On the Etiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre R. Vieira ◽  
Elaine Kup
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a condition that is defined based on its peculiar clinical presentation. Reports on the etiology of the condition and possible risk factors are inconclusive and the original suggestion that MIH is an idiopathic condition is often cited. Our group was the first to suggest MIH has a genetic component that involves genetic variation in genes expressed during dental enamel formation. In this report, we provide a rationale to explain the preferential affection of molars and incisors. We suggest that MIH is a genetic condition based on its prevalence, which varies depending on the geographic location, and the evidence that on occasion second primary molars, permanent canines, and premolars can show signs of hypomineralization of enamel when molars and incisors are affected.

On the Variable Clinical Presentation of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Rezende Vieira ◽  
David J. Manton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Complex Inheritance ◽  
Variable Clinical Presentation

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a condition that is defined based on its peculiar clinical presentation. Original reports on the etiology of the condition and possible risk factors were inconclusive, and we refuted the original suggestion that MIH is an idiopathic condition and suggested that MIH has complex inheritance and is due to the interaction of more than one gene and the environment. Our group was the first to suggest MIH has a genetic component that involves genetic variation in genes expressed during dental enamel formation. Later we expanded this work to include genes related to the immune response. In this report, we provide a rationale to explain the variation seen in the clinical presentation of MIH, which can affect just one molar out of the four or just a portion of a particular molar.

Risk factors of hypomineralised second primary molars in a group of Iraqi schoolchildren

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ghanim ◽  
M. V. Morgan ◽  
R. J. Mariño ◽  
D. L. Bailey ◽  
D. J. Manton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars

scholarly journals Etiology of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars: A Prospective Twin Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Silva ◽  
N.M. Kilpatrick ◽  
J.M. Craig ◽  
D.J. Manton ◽  
P. Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The etiology of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) is unclear, but genetic and environmental factors have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of genes and environment to the etiology of HSPM and to identify potential environmental risk factors in a longitudinal twin cohort. Children from twin pregnancies ( N = 250) were recruited antenatally, and detailed demographic, health, and phenotypic data were collected at recruitment, 24- and 36-wk gestation, birth, and 18 mo of age. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was quantified for mothers at 28-wk gestation and infants at birth. Dental examinations were conducted on the twins at 6 y of age to determine the presence, severity, and extent of HSPM per standardized criteria. To investigate associations of environmental risk factors with HSPM, multiple logistic regression models were fitted with generalized estimating equations to adjust for twin correlation. Within- and between-pair analyses were performed for unshared continuous variables: birthweight and birth 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Twin-twin concordance for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pairs was calculated and compared after adjusting for identified risk factors. A total of 344 twins underwent the 6-y-old dental assessment; HSPM occurred in 68 (19.8%). After adjusting for potential confounders, vitamin D levels at birth, infantile eczema, dizygosity, in vitro fertilization, socioeconomic position, and maternal smoking beyond the first trimester of pregnancy demonstrated the strongest associations with HSPM. Overall concordance for HSPM was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.62) with weak evidence ( P = 0.078) of higher concordance in MZ twins (0.63; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.89) as compared with DZ twins (0.41; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.58). After adjusting for known risk factors, there was no evidence ( P = 0.172) for an additive genetic influence. These findings suggest that shared and unshared environmental factors, such as maternal smoking later in pregnancy and infantile eczema, are important in the etiology of HSPM.

scholarly journals Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars as Predictor of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Negre-Barber ◽  
J. M. Montiel-Company ◽  
M. Boronat-Catalá ◽  
M. Catalá-Pizarro ◽  
J. M. Almerich-Silla
Keyword(s):  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

scholarly journals Association between demarcated enamel hypomineralization on second primary molars and dental caries in childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Cristiane Costa-Silva ◽  
Glaucia Ambrosano ◽  
Fábio Mialhe
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM) is the name used to describe the presence of demarcated enamel hypomineralization in second primary molars. HSPM has been compared with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) as regards its clinical appearance and consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between HSPM and dental caries in childhood. It was a cross-sectional populationbased study that included 216 children aged 4-6 years from public schools in Botelhos, Brazil. Children with all second primary molars erupted were eligible for participation. Clinical examination was performed by one calibrated examiner. HSPM was recorded according to modified European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. The main outcome was dental caries experience as indicated by the dmft index (%dmft>0) according to WHO criteria. Chi-square test and Logistic Regression Model were used to adjust the results for effects of covariates Among the 216 children examined, 22.2% presented HSPM. After adjustment for logistic regression, children with HSPM were found to have a 2.28 times greater chance of presenting dental caries. Our results reinforce the importance of HSPM in caries development in children, which should be considered by public health dentists in the process of planning actions aimed at this population.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in a Group of School-Aged Children in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Karakaya ◽  
Hayriye Sonmez
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
European Academy ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim This study aims to evaluate the relationship between hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and to determine the prevalence of HSPM in different severities of MIH. Methods The study included a total of 345 children aged 7 to 11, affected with MIH at various severities. Scoring for HSPM defects was adapted according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria and applied by a single calibrated examiner. Comparative evaluation of HSPM at various MIH severities was tested using a single variable logistic regression analysis. An odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval was used to test the relation between HSPM and MIH. Results The prevalence of HSPM was 61.7% in MIH-affected children, whereas it was 2.6% in the control group (p < 0.001). The presence of HSPM and the increase in the number of affected teeth significantly raised the odds of the occurrence of MIH. HSPM prevalence was higher in children affected with milder MIH compared to those affected severely. The recorded defects were common as white-cream demarcated opacities without any loss of structure. Conclusion The prevalence of HSPM was significantly higher in children presenting MIH. Therefore, hypomineralization on the primary second molars pointed to an association between MIH and HSPM. For an early diagnosis of MIH, children presenting HSPM whose first permanent molars have not erupted yet should be followed up at regular intervals by pediatric dentists.

Resorption of multirooted temporary teeth in children with dentofacial anomalies in accordance with the orthopantomography data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
F. S. Ayupova ◽  
S. N. Alekseenko ◽  
V. Ya. Zobenko ◽  
T. V. Gayvoronskaya
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Posterior Teeth

Relevance. To study the incidence of different types of resorption of multirooted primary teeth, to specify indications for deciduous molar extraction to prevent eruption abnormalities of permanent posterior teeth in mixed dentition.Materials and methods. Root resorption of 375 multirooted primary teeth (166 first primary molars and 209 second primary molars) was studied on panoramic X-rays of 60 children (30 girls and 30 boys) aged between 7 and 15. Illustrated classification by T.F. Vinogradova (1967) improved by authors was used to determine type and degree of root resorption of multi-rooted primary teeth. Received data were described with absolute values of number of cases and percentage. Chi-square was used to detect differences in sign incidence rate between groups, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. There were no statistically significant gender differences (p>0,05) in type and degree of root resorption of multirooted primary teeth. Type A resorption prevailed and constituted 53.3% of all primary molars. Disturbances in root resorption of multirooted primary teeth in mixed dentition were related to health condition of primary teeth. Transition of even resorption to unven was considered a risk factor of delayed eruption and aberrant position of permanent teeth, and indication for extraction of a primary molar in question. Conclusions. 1) Even root resorption (type A) was detected in 53.3% of primary molars in mixed dentition by orthopantomography. 2) Transition from even resorption of primary molar roots to uneven resorption was associated with eruption deviations and delayed premolar eruption. 3) Timely extraction of primary molars with uneven root resorption facilitated correct eruption of premolars and increased effectiveness of secondary prevention of malocclusion in children.

Clinical Presentation, Quality of Care, Risk Factors and Outcomes in Women with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): An Observational Report from Six Middle Eastern Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Shehab ◽  
Khalid F. AlHabib ◽  
Akshaya S. Bhagavathula ◽  
Ahmad Hersi ◽  
Hussam Alfaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Inhospital Mortality ◽  
Acute Stemi

Background: Most of the available literature on ST-Elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) in women was conducted in the developed world and data from Middle-East countries was limited. Aims: To examine the clinical presentation, patient management, quality of care, risk factors and inhospital outcomes of women with acute STEMI compared with men using data from a large STEMI registry from the Middle East. Methods: Data were derived from the third Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-3Ps), a prospective, multinational study of adults with acute STEMI from 36 hospitals in 6 Middle-Eastern countries. The study included 2928 patients; 296 women (10.1%) and 2632 men (89.9%). Clinical presentations, management and in-hospital outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Women were 10 years older and more likely to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia compared with men who were more likely to be smokers (all p<0.001). Women had longer median symptom-onset to emergency department (ED) arrival times (230 vs. 170 min, p<0.001) and ED to diagnostic ECG (8 vs. 6 min., p<0.001). When primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) was performed, women had longer door-to-balloon time (DBT) (86 vs. 73 min., p=0.009). When thrombolytic therapy was not administered, women were less likely to receive PPCI (69.7 vs. 76.7%, p=0.036). The mean duration of hospital stay was longer in women (6.03 ± 22.51 vs. 3.41 ± 19.45 days, p=0.032) and the crude in-hospital mortality rate was higher in women (10.4 vs. 5.2%, p<0.001). However, after adjustments, multivariate analysis revealed a statistically non-significant trend of higher inhospital mortality among women than men (6.4 vs. 4.6%), (p=0.145). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that women in our region have almost double the mortality from STEMI compared with men. Although this can partially be explained by older age and higher risk profiles in women, however, correction of identified gaps in quality of care should be attempted to reduce the high morbidity and mortality of STEMI in our women.

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