Combustion process and exhaust gas aftertreatment in the Mercedes-Benz Bluetec concept

MTZ worldwide ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Breitbach ◽  
Joachim Schommers ◽  
Ralf Binz ◽  
Bernd Lindemann ◽  
Andreas Lingens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

scholarly journals The influence of high efficiency engines and hybrids on exhaust systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Matthias WEBER
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Scr Catalysts ◽  
Exhaust Line ◽  
Soot Loading

Increased efficiency of the combustion process itself and low losses in the Engine, lead to lower temperatures in the exhaust line. Combined with the exhaust gas energy recovery as well as the hybridization of the drivetrain, this temperature decrease will require additional efforts for the exhaust gas aftertreatment in future. Current technologies like SCR with urea could only be used in future with additional heating elements or will need to change to different catalysts or gaseous Ammonia, to keep the current efficiency and conversion rates. Catalyst and filter elements with ultra-low backpressure creating additional new challenges for the correct and robust diagnostics of these aftertreatment components and all emission relevant parts and thresholds. New technologies are needed like the direct measurement of the DPF soot loading with radio frequencies or NH3 sensors to precisely control the ammonia slip for high conversion rates of SCR catalysts.

Prospects for the use of dry carbamide in diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
V.N. Kaminskij ◽  
◽  
G.G. Nadarejshvili ◽  
V.I. Panchishnyj ◽  
R.M. Zagredinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

scholarly journals The Synergy of Two Biofuel Additives on Combustion Process to Simultaneously Reduce NOx and PM Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Jerzy Cisek ◽  
Szymon Lesniak ◽  
Winicjusz Stanik ◽  
Włodzimierz Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heat Released

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two fuel additives that selectively affect the combustion process in a diesel engine cylinder. The addition of NitrON® reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), due to a reduction in the kinetic combustion rate, at the cost of a slight increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the engine exhaust gas. The Reduxco® additive reduces PM emissions by increasing the diffusion combustion rate, while slightly increasing the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust gas. Research conducted by the authors confirmed that the simultaneous use of both of these additives in the fuel not only reduced both NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas but additionally the reduction of NOx and PM emissions was greater than the sum of the effects of these additives—the synergy effect. Findings indicated that the waveforms of the heat release rate (dQ/dα) responsible for the emission of NOx and PM in the exhaust gas differed for the four tested fuels in relation to the maximum value (selectively and independently in the kinetic and diffusion stage), and they were also phase shifted. Due to this, the heat release process Q(α) was characterized by a lower amount of heat released in the kinetic phase compared to fuel with NitrON® only and a greater amount of heat released in the diffusion phase compared to fuel with Reduxco® alone, which explained the lowest NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas at that time. For example for the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust: the Nitrocet® fuel additive (in the used amount of 1500 ppm) reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 18% compared to the base fuel. The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel (1500 ppm) unfortunately increases the NOx concentration by up to 20%. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel, containing both additives simultaneously, is characterized, thanks to the synergy effect, by the lowest NOx concentration (reduction by 22% in relation to the base). For example for PM emissions: the Nitrocet® fuel additive does not significantly affect the PM emissions in the engine exhaust (up to a few per cent compared to the base fuel). The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel greatly reduces PM emissions in the engine exhaust, up to 35% compared to the base fuel. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel containing both additives simultaneously is characterized by the synergy effect with the lowest PM emission (reduction of 39% compared to the base fuel).

Synthesis of Macro-Porous De-NOx Catalysts for Poly-Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene Membrane Bag Filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 4537-4543
Author(s):  
Byung Chan Kwon ◽  
Dohyung Kang ◽  
Seung Woo Lee ◽  
No-Kuk Park ◽  
Jang Hun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Porous Alumina ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Bag Filter ◽  
Combustion Exhaust

This study examined the effects of the porosity of catalytic bag-filter materials for applications to the SNCR (selective noncatalytic reduction)-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) hybrid process for highly treating nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas of a combustion process. A V2O5/TiO2 catalyst was dispersed in a PTFE (poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene) used as the catalytic bag-filter material to remove particulate matter and nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion exhaust gas. Macroporous alumina was added into a V2O5/TiO2-dispersed PTFE to improve the catalytic activity of V2O5/TiO2 dispersed in the PTFE material. In this study, the textural properties and denitrification performances of the V2O5/TiO2-dispersed PTFE materials were examined according to the addition of macro-porous alumina. When the denitrification catalyst was solely dispersed in the PTFE material, the catalyst inside the PTFE backbone had low gas-solid contact efficiency owing to the low porosity of the PTFE materials, resulting in low denitrification efficiency. On the other hand, the catalytic activity of V2O5/TiO2 dispersed inside the macro-porous PTFE material was significantly enhanced by adding macro-porous alumina into the PTFE matrix. The enhanced textural properties of the macro-porous PTFE material where V2O5/TiO2 was uniformly dispersed proved the facilitated diffusion of combustion exhaust gas into the PTFE material.

Next Generation Diesel Engine Potential of Highly Integrated Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

MTZ worldwide ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Matthias Diezemann ◽  
Christopher Severin ◽  
Maximilian Brauer ◽  
Frank Bunar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

Innovative Passive Flame Ameliorator for a Diffusion Flame Burner Using Chevrons

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 732-735
Author(s):  
A. Alaguraja ◽  
S. Balaji ◽  
Inti Sandeep ◽  
M. Karthikeyan ◽  
S. Soma Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Premixed Flame ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Flame Burner ◽  
Safety Considerations

Diffusion flame burners are mainly used in industries over premixed flame burners for safety considerations. But the combustion process in a diffusion flame is not complete and the flame is usually in bright yellow in colour in contrast to the premixed flame which gives a bluish flame. To improve the combustion process in a diffusion flame burner a novel approach, using chevrons has been carried out. The chevrons are found to reduce the aero-acoustic noise in the exhaust jets of aircraft engines by allowing better mixing of the exhaust gas with the ambient air. The similar concept is used here where the tips of the burners are cut in the form of chevrons. Experimental investigations are carried out on burners with three and four chevrons in addition to a standard burner using LPG as the fuel. The results indicate that with the introduction of chevrons the diffusion flame becomes more compact. The premixed region, in the diffusion flame, where the air and fuel is mixed well is found to increase by nearly 100 % with the usage of chevrons, indicating better mixing of fuel and air. The results also indicate that increasing the number of chevrons from three to four does not show much variation. Further experiments are to be carried out to determine the improved fuel consumption with the usage of chevrons.

scholarly journals Q-Learning Neural Controller for Steam Generator Station in Micro Cogeneration Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5334
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lalik ◽  
Mateusz Kozek ◽  
Szymon Podlasek ◽  
Rafał Figaj ◽  
Paweł Gut
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of the optimization of steam generator control systems powered by mixtures of liquid fuels containing biofuels. The numerical model was based on the results of experimental research of steam generator operation in an open system. The numerical model is used to build control algorithms that improve performance, increase efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and increase safety in the full range of operation of the steam generator and the cogeneration system of which it is a component. In this research, the following parameters were monitored: temperature and pressure of the circulating medium, exhaust gas temperature, oxygen content in exhaust gas, percentage control of oil burner power. Two methods of controlling the steam generator were proposed: the classic one, using the PID regulator, and the advanced one, using artificial neural networks. The work shows how the model is adapted to the real system and the impact of the control algorithms on the efficiency of the combustion process. The example is considered for the implementation of advanced control systems in micro-, small- and medium-power cogeneration and trigeneration systems in order to improve their final efficiency and increase the profitability of implementation.

Measurement of Flame Frequency Response Functions Under Exhaust Gas Recirculation Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ranalli ◽  
Don Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Flame Response ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Exhaust gas recirculation has been proposed as a potential strategy for reducing the cost and efficiency penalty associated with postcombustion carbon capture. However, this approach may cause as-yet unresolved effects on the combustion process, including additional potential for the occurrence of thermoacoustic instabilities. Flame dynamics, characterized by the flame transfer function, were measured in traditional swirl stabilized and low-swirl injector combustor configurations, subject to exhaust gas circulation simulated by N2 and CO2 dilution. The flame transfer functions exhibited behavior consistent with a low-pass filter and showed phase dominated by delay. Flame transfer function frequencies were nondimensionalized using Strouhal number to highlight the convective nature of this delay. Dilution was observed to influence the dynamics primarily through its role in changing the size of the flame, indicating that it plays a similar role in determining the dynamics as changes in the equivalence ratio. Notchlike features in the flame transfer function were shown to be related to interference behaviors associated with the convective nature of the flame response. Some similarities between the two stabilization configurations proved limiting and generalization of the physical behaviors will require additional investigation.

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