Life cycle initiative: a joint UNEP/SETAC partnership to advance the life-cycle economy

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Fava
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Initiative ◽  
Cycle Economy

Optimal Mirrleesean Taxation in a Ben-Porath Economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kapička
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
Cycle Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Optimal Taxes

I characterize optimal taxes in a life-cycle economy where ability and human capital are unobservable. I show that unobservable human capital effectively makes preferences over labor nonseparable across age. I generalize the static optimal tax formulas to account for such nonseparabilities and show how they depend both on own-Frisch labor elasticities and cross-Frisch labor elasticities. I calibrate the economy to US data. I find that the optimal marginal income taxes decrease with age, in contrast to both the US tax code and to a model with observable human capital. I demonstrate that the behavior of cross-Frisch elasticities is essential in explaining the decline. (JEL D91, H21, H24, J24)

scholarly journals The water-scarcity footprint of Australian adult diets – evidence from a large population health survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Ridoutt ◽  
Danielle Baird ◽  
Kimberley Anastasiou ◽  
Gilly Hendrie
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Life Cycle Initiative ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Freshwater Use ◽  
Dietary Water

AbstractThe food system is responsible for around 70% of global freshwater use. Pathways toward responsible consumption and production of food are therefore critically needed to ensure the planetary boundary for freshwater use is not transgressed. There is also an uneven spatial distribution of freshwater resources and human water demands, meaning that water-scarcity is acute in some regions but a lesser concern in others. Quantifying the water-scarcity impacts associated with food consumption is therefore a complex challenge due to the diversity of individual eating patterns, the very large number of individual food products available, and the many different regions where food is grown or processed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to calculate water footprints for a large number of self-selected diets. Life cycle assessment was used to model the water-scarcity footprints of 9,341 individual Australian adult diets obtained through 24-hour recall as part of the most recent Australian Health Survey. Three water-scarcity indicators were used, including the AWARE model recently developed by a project group working under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) / Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Life Cycle Initiative (www.lifecycleinitiative.org). In addition, a diet quality score was calculated for each of these diets. Our objective was to identify pathways toward healthier diets with lower water-scarcity impacts. Dietary water-scarcity footprints averaged 362 L-eq person-1 day-1 and were highly variable (sd. 218 L-eq person-1 day-1), reflecting the diversity of eating habits in the general community. The largest water-scarcity impacts were related to the excessive consumption of discretionary foods (alcoholic beverages, processed meat products, dairy desserts, cream, butter, muesli bars, confectionery, chocolate, biscuits, cakes, waffles, fried potato and extruded snacks, etc.). The potential to reduce dietary water-scarcity impacts is large, although the opportunity to intervene through amended dietary guidelines is not straightforward due to the large variations in water-scarcity footprint intensity between individual foods within a food group, and the inability of consumers to identify lower water-scarcity footprint products without food labeling. Reductions in the water-scarcity footprint of Australian food consumption are likely best achieved through reductions in food waste, technological change to improve water-use efficiency in food production, as well as the implementation of product reformulation and procurement strategies in the food manufacturing sector to avoid higher water-scarcity footprint intensity ingredients.

scholarly journals UNEP/SETAC life cycle initiative: background, aims and scope

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helias A. Udo de Haes ◽  
Olivier Jolliet ◽  
Greg Norris ◽  
Konrad Saur
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Initiative ◽  
Aims And Scope

scholarly journals German-Russian Astroparticle Data Life Cycle Initiative to foster Big Data Infrastructure for Multi-Messenger Astronomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Tokareva ◽  
Igor Bychkov ◽  
Andrey Demichev ◽  
Julia Dubenskaya ◽  
Oleg Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Initiative ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Data Life Cycle
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