Effects of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide on exocrine and endocrine pancreas in the rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wontae Lee ◽  
Kazunori Miyazaki ◽  
Akihiro Funakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas

The relation between catecholamines, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide during hypoglycaemia in man

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Järhult ◽  
Lars-Ove Farnebo ◽  
Bertil Hamberger ◽  
Jens Holst ◽  
Thue W. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucagon Concentration

Abstract. The effects of insulin hypoglycaemia (0.15 IU/kg) on plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were investigated in 6 adrenalectomized subjects and 6 healthy controls. Both the rise in mean plasma insulin and the fall in mean blood glucose concentration were closely similar in the two groups. Mean plasma adrenaline concentration rose by about 3 nmol/l in the normal subjects, but remained unchanged in adrenalectomized subjects. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentration increased by about 2 nmol/l in both groups. Despite the large difference in adrenaline concentrations during hypoglycaemia, there was no significant difference between the responses of the endocrine pancreas of the normal and adrenalectomized subjects. Thus, mean plasma glucagon concentration rose by about 30 pmol/l and mean plasma PP concentration by about 150 pmol/l in each group. We conclude that the release of glucagon and PP during hypoglycaemia does not depend upon changes in plasma adrenaline concentration in man.

Precursor cells of mouse endocrine pancreas coexpress insulin, glucagon and the neuronal proteins tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y, but not pancreatic polypeptide

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Teitelman ◽  
S. Alpert ◽  
J.M. Polak ◽  
A. Martinez ◽  
D. Hanahan
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Islet Cell Types

The early progenitor cells to the pancreatic islets in the mouse have been characterized so as to re-examine their possible lineage relationships to the four islet cell types found in mature islets. Insulin and glucagon were both first expressed at embryonic day 9.5, and many cells coexpressed these two markers, as shown by light and electron microscopic analysis using double-label immunohistochemistry. Incubation of embryonic pancreas with 1% glutaraldehyde, a fixative commonly used by electron microscopists, abolished this reactivity, thereby explaining reported difficulties in detecting these precursor cells. Using antisera specific for neuropeptide Y (NPY) a peptide with considerable homology to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), we show that NPY first appears with insulin and glucagon immunoreactivity at E9.5, and is co-expressed with glucagon in a majority of adult alpha cells. As we have previously reported, PP itself is first detectable immunocytochemically at postnatal day 1 with PP-specific antibodies. However, antibodies raised against bovine PP are shown by dot blotting to recognize NPY with comparable avidity, indicating that a recent report of islet progenitor cells containing PP at E9.5 (Herrera, P. L., Huarte, J., Sanvito, F., Meda, P., Orci, L. and Vassalli, J. D. (1991) Development 113, 1257–1265), actually represents cross-reactivity to NPY. The data support a model in which early precursor cells to the endocrine pancreas co-activate and co-express a set of islet cell hormone and neural genes, whose expression is both selectively increased and extinguished as development proceeds, concomitant with a restriction to the patterns of expression characteristic of mature islet cell types.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical studies of the evolution of islet hormones.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Falkmer
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Islet Hormones ◽  
Insulin Cells ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide Cells

By using both immunofluorescence and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase procedures to detect cells producing the four islet hormones, supplemented by biochemical, biological, and radioimmunological assays of tissue extracts, it has been shown that insulin seems to be the most original hormone, apparently occurring already in invertebrates in cells of open type in the alimentary tract mucosa. Insulin cells also predominate in the first islet organ, namely that of the cyclostomes. The order of appearance in the endocrine pancreas during the subsequent evolution is: somatostatin; glucagon; and the pancreatic polypeptide. Even in lower vertebrates pancreatic polypeptide cells occur in those parts of the pancreas situated in close proximity to the gut.

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