Effects of growth retardants on gibberellin biosynthesis inGibberella fujikurai and on growth of wheat seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-472
Author(s):  
G. S. Muromtzev ◽  
A. V. Kokurin ◽  
Zinaida Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

scholarly journals Control of Growth in Callitriche Shoots by Growth Retardants and Gibberellic Acid

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
CH Wong ◽  
A JMccomb
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants

Shoots of the aquatic, Callitriche, form floating rosettes of leaves, the internodes of which elongate if the shoot is submerged, or treated at the water surface with gibberellic acid (McComb 1965; Wong and McComb 1967). It may therefore be tentatively proposed that submerged shoots synthesize more gibberellin than do floating shoots. To obtain further information concerning this hypothesis, investiga-tions have been carried out with the growth retardants Amo1618 and CCC, com-pounds which characteristically bring about dwarfing in higher plants, an effect reversed by gibberellin (e.g. McComb and McComb 1970), and which have been shown to inhibit gibberellin biosynthesis in certain systems (e.g. Baldev, Lang, and Agatep 1965; Dennis, Upper, and West 1965; Zeevaart 1966).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Plant Growth Regulators under Photoselective Greenhouse Covers

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Tatineni ◽  
Nihal C. Rajapakse ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez ◽  
James R. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Height Increase

Responses to selected chemical growth retardants (daminozide, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca) and GA1 and GA3 under photoselective greenhouse covers with various phytochrome photoequilibrium estimates (φe) were evaluated using `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)] as the model plant to better understand the height control mechanism by far red (FR) light depleted environments. Plant height linearly decreased as φe increased from 0.72 to 0.83. The rate of height decrease of daminozide treated plants was less than that of water (control) or GA3-treated plants. The rate of height reduction was not different between control and GA3-treated plants among chambers with various φe. Both paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height regardless of φe, but the height reduction by paclobutrazol was more than that by prohexadioneCa. The combination of paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height more than either alone. GA1 reversed the height reduction caused by paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca regardless of φe, but the height increase by GA1 was more when it was applied with prohexadione-Ca than when applied alone. Results show that photoselective covers with high φe were effective in controlling height of chrysanthemums without chemical growth retardants. The linear relationship between plant height and φe suggests that effectiveness of photoselective covers increased as φe increased. The photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) transmission of photoselective covers decreased as the φe increased because of the increasing dye concentration. Identifying photoselective covers that effectively filter out FR light from sunlight and reduce plant height while minimizing the PPF reduction is critical for commercial success of photoselective covers. Gibberellins are, at least partially, involved in height control by photoselective covers. Photoselective greenhouse covers did not reduce responsiveness to gibberellins, and it appears that the mechanism may be to suppress gibberellin biosynthesis. Results also suggest that increased metabolism of GA1 to GA8 was not the mechanism of height control by photoselective covers. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide) [daminozide]; (±)-(R*,R*)-b-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol [paclobutrazol]; 3,5-dioxo-4-(1-oxopropyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [prohexadione-Ca]; gibberellic acid [GA].

scholarly journals The effect of the plant growth retardants AMO-1618 and CCC on the synthesis of ribonucleic acids and proteins in triticale embryos during the initial phase of germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Weidner
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Amo 1618

Triticale var. Grado caryopses were subjected to imbibition and germination in the presence of the growth retardants, AMO-1618 (2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidinecarboxylate methyl chloride) and CCC (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride) at the following concentrations, 3 x 10<sup>-4</sup> M and 10<sup>-3</sup> M. These compounds exerted a very strong inhibitory effect on the initiation of germination processes, growth of embryos and the germination capacity of the caryopses. At the concentration of 10<sup>-3</sup> M, AMO-1618 showed an especially strong effect, lowering the germination capacity of the caryopses to about 50%. It was also shown that both retardants are decidedly more effective on the germination of whole, intact caryopses than on that of isolated embryos. During the very earliest hours of germination, these retardants already inhibited RNA synthesis. The participation of the polyribosome fraction in the total ribosome fraction of embryos in the control sample after 24 hrs of germination of caryopses equalled about 70%, while in the samples treated with CCC (10<sup>-3</sup> M)- about 57%, in the samples treated with AMO-1618 (10<sup>-3</sup> M) about 35%,. The inhibition of incorporation of <sup>14</sup>C-amino acids into ribosomal proteins in the polyribosome fraction was in the case of CCC about 13%, while in the samples treated with AMO-1618, about 55%. In the monosome fraction (80S), the inhibition by CCC was about 23%, whereas in the samples treated with AMO-1618 it reached around 73%. From this data it is evident that the studied retardants have a significant influence on the synthesis of ribonucleic acids as well as on ribosome proteins. These results also suggest the existance of another mechanism, aside from that of inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis, inhibiting the growth and development of cells. The high percentage of ribosome subunits in the samples treated with CCC, in comparison with controls and samples treated with AMO-1618, points to different mechanisms by which these two compounds affect protein biosynthesis.

GROWTH RETARDANTS IN RELATION TO THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS: I. A PARADOXICAL CONCENTRATION EFFECT OF N,N-DIMETHYLAMINO-SUCCINAMIC ACID ON THE GERMINATION OF KALE SEEDS AFFECTED WITH COUMARIN

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Knypl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concentration Effect ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Succinamic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Versus Concentration

As the concentration of N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (DMASA) increases, the germination of kale seeds (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) treated with 100 mg of coumarin per liter is initially reduced and then increased. A curve of germination versus concentration of DMASA is parabola-like with a minimum at 10−3 − 5 × 10−3 M. Kinetin at 10−4 M and gibberellic acid at 10−4 M reduce and reverse the inhibition of germination caused by coumarin and the growth retardant. On the other hand, DMASA at 5 × 10−3 M, in spite of its slight inhibitory activity, reduces the toxic effect of kinetin applied in the supra-optimal concentration of 5 × 10−4 M. Indole-3-acetic acid increases the inhibitory effects of coumarin and DMASA.In the germinating seed of kale, DMASA possibly acts as the antagonist of gibberellin biosynthesis; coumarin possibly blocks an unknown metabolic pathway, controlled by kinetin.The paradoxical concentration effect of DMASA remains unexplained.

scholarly journals Gibberellin influence on the morphogenesis of the moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. in in vitro conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sabovljevic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic ◽  
D. Grubisic
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Chlorocholine Chloride ◽  
Bryum Argenteum ◽  
Positive Effect

The moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. was treated with gibberellins as well as some inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis in order to investigate their influence on B. argenteum morphogenesis. Generally, gibberellins have not been chemically identified in bryophytes, while other groups of classical phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene) have been chemically identified in these plants. The in vitro culture of the moss Bryum argenteum was established from sterilized spores. The apical shoots of untreated gametophytes grown in vitro were used to investigate the influence of different substances on secondary protonema and on the growth and multiplication of the gametophytes. B. argenteum reacts differently to the growth regulators applied. Both gibberellins applied in vitro (GA3 and GA7) have a positive effect on B. argenteum morphogenesis. Shoot multiplication was negatively affected by three tested growth retardants (ancymidol, BX-112 and chlorocholine chloride), while these substances did not have such strong effects on the moss protonema development.

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