scholarly journals Effect of some (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride analogs and other growth retardants on gibberellin biosynthesis in Fusarium moniliforme.

1965 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Harada ◽  
A Lang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Retardants

scholarly journals The effect of the plant growth retardants AMO-1618 and CCC on the synthesis of ribonucleic acids and proteins in triticale embryos during the initial phase of germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Weidner
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Amo 1618

Triticale var. Grado caryopses were subjected to imbibition and germination in the presence of the growth retardants, AMO-1618 (2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidinecarboxylate methyl chloride) and CCC (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride) at the following concentrations, 3 x 10<sup>-4</sup> M and 10<sup>-3</sup> M. These compounds exerted a very strong inhibitory effect on the initiation of germination processes, growth of embryos and the germination capacity of the caryopses. At the concentration of 10<sup>-3</sup> M, AMO-1618 showed an especially strong effect, lowering the germination capacity of the caryopses to about 50%. It was also shown that both retardants are decidedly more effective on the germination of whole, intact caryopses than on that of isolated embryos. During the very earliest hours of germination, these retardants already inhibited RNA synthesis. The participation of the polyribosome fraction in the total ribosome fraction of embryos in the control sample after 24 hrs of germination of caryopses equalled about 70%, while in the samples treated with CCC (10<sup>-3</sup> M)- about 57%, in the samples treated with AMO-1618 (10<sup>-3</sup> M) about 35%,. The inhibition of incorporation of <sup>14</sup>C-amino acids into ribosomal proteins in the polyribosome fraction was in the case of CCC about 13%, while in the samples treated with AMO-1618, about 55%. In the monosome fraction (80S), the inhibition by CCC was about 23%, whereas in the samples treated with AMO-1618 it reached around 73%. From this data it is evident that the studied retardants have a significant influence on the synthesis of ribonucleic acids as well as on ribosome proteins. These results also suggest the existance of another mechanism, aside from that of inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis, inhibiting the growth and development of cells. The high percentage of ribosome subunits in the samples treated with CCC, in comparison with controls and samples treated with AMO-1618, points to different mechanisms by which these two compounds affect protein biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Attack of Potyphagotarsonemus tatus on cotton treated with growth retardants

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Luiz Mauro Barbosa ◽  
Paulo R.C. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Broad Mite

The effects of growth retardants on infestation by Potyphagotarsonemus tatus (broad mite) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. IAC-17) plants was studied. Cotton plants were sprayed with (2-ch1oroethy1) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 250, 350 and 450 ppm, and with 1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride (Pix) at concentrations of 84, 167 and 250 ppm. Growth retardants did not give effective control of Potyphagotarsone mus tatus but application of Pix 167 ppm showed a tendency to reduce mite attack.

scholarly journals Control of Growth in Callitriche Shoots by Growth Retardants and Gibberellic Acid

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
CH Wong ◽  
A JMccomb
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants

Shoots of the aquatic, Callitriche, form floating rosettes of leaves, the internodes of which elongate if the shoot is submerged, or treated at the water surface with gibberellic acid (McComb 1965; Wong and McComb 1967). It may therefore be tentatively proposed that submerged shoots synthesize more gibberellin than do floating shoots. To obtain further information concerning this hypothesis, investiga-tions have been carried out with the growth retardants Amo1618 and CCC, com-pounds which characteristically bring about dwarfing in higher plants, an effect reversed by gibberellin (e.g. McComb and McComb 1970), and which have been shown to inhibit gibberellin biosynthesis in certain systems (e.g. Baldev, Lang, and Agatep 1965; Dennis, Upper, and West 1965; Zeevaart 1966).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Plant Growth Regulators under Photoselective Greenhouse Covers

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Tatineni ◽  
Nihal C. Rajapakse ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez ◽  
James R. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Height Increase

Responses to selected chemical growth retardants (daminozide, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca) and GA1 and GA3 under photoselective greenhouse covers with various phytochrome photoequilibrium estimates (φe) were evaluated using `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)] as the model plant to better understand the height control mechanism by far red (FR) light depleted environments. Plant height linearly decreased as φe increased from 0.72 to 0.83. The rate of height decrease of daminozide treated plants was less than that of water (control) or GA3-treated plants. The rate of height reduction was not different between control and GA3-treated plants among chambers with various φe. Both paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height regardless of φe, but the height reduction by paclobutrazol was more than that by prohexadioneCa. The combination of paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height more than either alone. GA1 reversed the height reduction caused by paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca regardless of φe, but the height increase by GA1 was more when it was applied with prohexadione-Ca than when applied alone. Results show that photoselective covers with high φe were effective in controlling height of chrysanthemums without chemical growth retardants. The linear relationship between plant height and φe suggests that effectiveness of photoselective covers increased as φe increased. The photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) transmission of photoselective covers decreased as the φe increased because of the increasing dye concentration. Identifying photoselective covers that effectively filter out FR light from sunlight and reduce plant height while minimizing the PPF reduction is critical for commercial success of photoselective covers. Gibberellins are, at least partially, involved in height control by photoselective covers. Photoselective greenhouse covers did not reduce responsiveness to gibberellins, and it appears that the mechanism may be to suppress gibberellin biosynthesis. Results also suggest that increased metabolism of GA1 to GA8 was not the mechanism of height control by photoselective covers. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide) [daminozide]; (±)-(R*,R*)-b-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol [paclobutrazol]; 3,5-dioxo-4-(1-oxopropyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [prohexadione-Ca]; gibberellic acid [GA].

scholarly journals Plug Source and Growth Retardants Affect Finish Size of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Aaron Painter ◽  
Patricia C. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Significant Difference

Eight bedding plant species were grown from plugs obtained from two sources. The plugs were transplanted into jumbo six packs and sprayed with a solution of chlormequat/daminozide with concentrations of 1000/800, 1250/1250, or 1500/5000 mg·L-1 when new growth was ≈5 cm in height or width. Three different species were grown in the fall (Dianthus chinensis L., `Telstar Mix', Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr., `Dreams Red', and Viola ×wittrockiana Gams., `Bingo Blue'), winter [Antirrhinum majus L., `Tahiti Mix', Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br., `Midget Red', and P. × hybrida, `Dreams Mix'], and spring [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, `Cooler Pink', Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. & Schult., `Empire Red', and Begonia ×semperflorens-cultorum Hort., `Cocktail Mix']. The treatments significantly reduced finished plant size of all species for each season. There was a significant difference in finish size between sources for Dianthus, Antirrhinum, Matthiola, Catharanthus, Salvia, and Begonia. The efficacy of chlormequat/daminozide also differed for each source of Dianthus, Matthiola, and Begonia, but the treatments minimized the differences in finish size between sources for Petunia and Viola. Chemical names used: (2-chlorethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat); (N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid) (daminozide).

scholarly journals Poinsettia Developmental and Postproduction Responses to Growth Retardants and Irradiance

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1501-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Bailey ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Irradiance Level ◽  
Butanedioic Acid

Plants of Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind. `Glory' were grown under total irradiances of 13.4, 8.5, or 4.0 mol·m-2·day-1 and sprayed with water (control), 2500 mg daminozide/liter + 1500 mg chlormequat chloride/liter (D + C), 62.5 mg paclobutrazol/liter, or 4, 8, 12, or 16 mg uniconazole/liter to ascertain plant developmental and postproduction responses to treatment combinations. Anthesis was delayed for plants grown under the lowest irradiance. Anthesis was delayed by the D + C treatment, whereas other growth retardant treatments had no effect on anthesis date. Irradiance did not affect plant height at anthesis, but all growth retardant treatments decreased height over control plants. Inflorescence and bract canopy diameters were decreased at the lowest irradiance level. Growth retardants did not affect individual inflorescence diameters, but all, except paclobutrazol and 4 and 8 mg uniconazole/liter, reduced bract canopy diameter compared with control plants. Plants grown under the lowest irradiance developed fewer inflorescences per plant and fewer cyathia per inflorescence. Cyathia abscission during a 30-day postanthesis evaluation increased as irradiance was decreased; cyathia abscission was unaffected by growth retardant treatment. Leaf abscission after 30 days postanthesis was lowest for plants grown under the lowest irradiance. At 30 days postanthesis, all growth retardant treatments increased leaf abscission over controls. Results indicate that irradiance and growth retardant treatments during production can affect poinsettia crop timing, plant quality at maturity, and subsequent postproduction performance. Chemical names used: 2-chloroethyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat chloride); butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethyl hydrazide) (daminozide); β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]- α -(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol), (E)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-l-penten-3-ol (uniconazole, XE-1019).

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