GROWTH RETARDANTS IN RELATION TO THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS: I. A PARADOXICAL CONCENTRATION EFFECT OF N,N-DIMETHYLAMINO-SUCCINAMIC ACID ON THE GERMINATION OF KALE SEEDS AFFECTED WITH COUMARIN

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Knypl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concentration Effect ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Succinamic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Versus Concentration

As the concentration of N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (DMASA) increases, the germination of kale seeds (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) treated with 100 mg of coumarin per liter is initially reduced and then increased. A curve of germination versus concentration of DMASA is parabola-like with a minimum at 10−3 − 5 × 10−3 M. Kinetin at 10−4 M and gibberellic acid at 10−4 M reduce and reverse the inhibition of germination caused by coumarin and the growth retardant. On the other hand, DMASA at 5 × 10−3 M, in spite of its slight inhibitory activity, reduces the toxic effect of kinetin applied in the supra-optimal concentration of 5 × 10−4 M. Indole-3-acetic acid increases the inhibitory effects of coumarin and DMASA.In the germinating seed of kale, DMASA possibly acts as the antagonist of gibberellin biosynthesis; coumarin possibly blocks an unknown metabolic pathway, controlled by kinetin.The paradoxical concentration effect of DMASA remains unexplained.

Movement of Several Herbicides Through Excised Plant Tissue

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Taylor ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tissue Orientation ◽  
Chemical Retention ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Uptake and movement of various herbicides and auxins by bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) petiole sections were studied. Isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) was the most mobile of the compunds studied, followed in order of decreasing mobility by: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 3-amino-s-triazole (amitrole), (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron), and 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben). Amiben immobilization may have been due to glucoside formation in the tissues. IAA was rapidly transported through basipetally but not acropetally oriented tissue. Tissue orientation had little effect on the movement of the other compounds. Mobility of the compounds studied, in general, appears to be a function of the amount of uncomplexed parent chemical. Retention is likely the result of conjugation with products in the cells or of physical binding in the cells.

Effects of inhaled cadmium on breathing in the mouse

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukiko Ueda ◽  
Midori Nagata ◽  
Toshifumi Nagata ◽  
Masaki Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Respiration Frequency ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Carrier Solvent

Effects of intranasally administered cadmium (3.67 μg Cd ~ 36.7 mg per mouse) on breathing were investigated in mice under pentobarbital anesthesia. Cd levels found in the respiratory tract were dependent on the amount administered. Cd mainly caused degeneration and desquamation of the bronchial epithelium and pulmonary congestion, while the carrier solvent had no effects. On the other hand, the carrier solvent decreased respiratory frequency and enhanced its amplitude. These effects were absent 24 h later. However, Cd strongly affected respiration; frequency and amplitude were decreased and recovery at 24 h was not complete at the higher concentrations. These effects by Cd on respiration were dependent on the concentration of administered Cd and the Cd level in lung. Therefore, these results suggest that intranasally administered Cd has inhibitory effects on mouse respiration, perhaps owing to its acute toxicity to pulmonary tissues.Key words: cadmium, mouse, inhalation, lung, respiration.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Monoamine Oxidases and Cholinesterases Inhibitory Effects, as well as UPLC-DAD-MS Chemical Profile of Alkaloid Fractions Obtained from Species of the Palicoureeae Tribe

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior ◽  
Carolina dos Santos Passos ◽  
Juliana Salton ◽  
Fernanda Gobbi Bitencourt de ◽  
Luís Funez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Monoamine Oxidases ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Bche Activity ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Mao A

In the present study, the effects were evaluated of alkaloid fractions (AFs) from Psychotria species and correlated genera, Palicourea and Rudgea, on monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and cholinesterases (ChEs). By HPLC-DAD and UPLC-DAD-MS analyses, indole alkaloids (IA) were detected in all AFs. For the Psychotria and Palicourea species, these IA corresponded to tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloids (THβCA). On the other hand, pyrrolidinoindoline core compounds were observed for Rudgea species. Regarding their pharmacological activities, none of the AFs was able to inhibit AChE. However, the BChE activity was impaired by the Psychotria and Palicourea AFs. In addition, MAO-A was inhibited by both AFs, but only Psychotria nemorosa AF was able to inhibit significantly MAO-B. Rudgea AFs demonstrated a poor inhibitory profile on MAO-A. Taken together, our results highlighted the Psychotria and Palicourea genera as important sources of scaffolds for the development of MAO-A and BChE inhibitors aiming at the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.

Sweet Taste Responses of Mouse Chorda Tympani Neurons: Existence of Gurmarin-Sensitive and -Insensitive Receptor Components

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 3087-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzo Ninomiya ◽  
Toshiaki Imoto ◽  
Tadataka Sugimura
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
Taste Cells ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Mouse Taste

Sweet taste responses of mouse chorda tympani neurons: existence of gurmarin-sensitive and -insensitive receptor components. Inhibitory effects of gurmarin (gur) on responses to sucrose and other sweeteners of single fibers of the chorda tympani nerve in C57BL mice were examined. Of 30 single fibers that strongly responded to 0.5 M sucrose but were not or to lesser extent responsive to 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M HCl, and 0.02 M quinine HCl (sucrose-best fibers), 16 fibers showed large suppression of responses to sucrose and other sweeteners by lingual treatment with 4.8 μM (∼20 μg/ml) gur (suppressed to 4–52% of control: gur-sensitive fibers), whereas the remaining 14 fibers showed no such gur inhibition (77–106% of control: gur-insensitive fibers). In gur-sensitive fibers, responses to sucrose inhibited by gur recovered to ∼70% of control responses after rinsing the tongue with 15 mM β-cyclodextrin and were almost abolished by further treatment with 2% pronase. In gur-insensitive fibers, sucrose responses were not inhibited by gur, but were largely suppressed by pronase. These results suggest existence of two different receptor components for sweeteners with different susceptibilities to gur in mouse taste cells, one gur sensitive and the other gur insensitive. Taste cells possessing each component may be specifically innervated by a particular type of chorda tympani neurons.

Zebrafish tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase: molecular cloning, expression, and functional characterization

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Mishiro ◽  
Ming-Yih Liu ◽  
Yoichi Sakakibara ◽  
Masahito Suiko ◽  
Ming-Cheh Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Level ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
High Degree

By employing the reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction technique in conjunction with 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full-length cDNA encoding a zebrafish (Danio rerio) tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that this zebrafish TPST is, at the amino acid sequence level, 66% and 60% identical to the human and mouse TPST-1 and TPST-2, respectively. The recombinant form of the zebrafish TPST, expressed in COS-7 cells, exhibited a pH optimum at 5.75. Manganese appeared to exert a stimulatory effect on the zebrafish TPST. The activity of the enzyme determined in the presence of 20 mM MnCl2 was more than 2.5 times that determined in the absence of MnCl2. Of the other nine divalent metal cations tested at a 10 mM concentration, Co2+ also showed a considerable stimulatory effect, while Ca2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ exerted some inhibitory effects. The other four divalent cations, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+, inhibited completely the sulfating activity of the zebrafish TPST. Using the wild-type and mutated P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 N-terminal peptides as substrates, the zebrafish TPST was shown to exhibit a high degree of substrate specificity for the tyrosine residue on the C-terminal side of the peptide. These results constitute a first study on the cloning, expression, and characterization of a zebrafish cytosolic TPST.Key words: zebra fish, tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase, molecular cloning.

Struktur von Schmelzen aus dem System Wismut-Antimon mittels Neutronenbeugung

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lamparter ◽  
Siegfried Steeb ◽  
Walter Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Coordination Number ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Neighbour Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Subsidiary Maxima ◽  
Versus Concentration

Neutron diffraction work (λ = 0.695 Å) was done with molten Bi-Sb-alloys in the temperature range between 550 and 750 °C. Furthermore molten Bi was investigated at 300 °C. The interference functions show subsidiary maxima especially for alloys with higher Sb-concentrations. Evaluation yields, that the melts contain two different kinds of structure:a) The one kind shows coordination number 9 and a statistical distribution of the atoms of two components. This kind is more inetal-like.b) The other kind shows coordination number 3, consists of non-centered tetrahedra with smaller nearest neighbour distance. It shows covalent binding.In molten Sb the nearest neighbour distance amounts up to 3.16 - 3.19 Å for theo ne kind and up to 2.64 -2.78 Å fort he other kind, which yields an mean distance of 2.99 Å, which was observed. The dependence of the concentration of the statistical kind of meld, of the (Sb)4-, and the (Bi)4-kind from the concentration of the whole melt is given.By the model described the run of the measured mean coordination number and the mean distance versus concentration can be well explained.

Effect of epinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on in vitro thyroid iodine organification

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Masini-Repiso ◽  
Aldo Héctor Coleoni
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Subcellular Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Mao Inhibitor ◽  
Bovine Thyroid ◽  
Nadph Cytochrome C Reductase

Abstract. The effect of epinephrine (E) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on some elements involved in thyroid iodine organification was studied using a bovine thyroid subcellular fraction sedimented at 30 000 g. 131I-incorporation into particulate proteins and into tyrosine was increased by 10−3 m and 10−5 m E and 5-HT. This effect was inhibited by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil and by catalase. In the presence of these amines the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was not modified. Both E and 5-HT were able to generate H2O2 when added to the particulate fraction as measured by the oxidation of o-dianisidine. H2O2 generation and [131I]iodotyrosine formation were inhibited by pargyline, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Tyramine, a specific substrate for thyroid MAO, produced H2O2 and increased [131I]iodotyrosine formation. This effect was higher when compared to the effect elicited by E or 5-HT. The stimulatory effects of tyramine were blocked by pargyline. The action of tyramine on H2O2 generation and [131I]iodotyrosine formation was diminished when E or 5-HT were incorporated to the system. From these results it is suggested that E and 5-HT serving as MAO substrates would generate H2O2 and in this way increase the thyroid iodine organification. On the other hand, these amines would be able to reduce the increased H2O2 generation induced by tyramine and thus decrease the iodination process. These findings could explain the stimulatory or inhibitory effects of biogenic amines on thyroid function which are dependent on the previous thyroid activity.

scholarly journals Growth retardants in wheat and its effect in physiological quality of seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Torres de Souza ◽  
Marcelo Curitiba Espíndula ◽  
Valterley Soares Rocha ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽  
Moacil Alves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
Hierarchical Scheme

Plant lodging in wheat has been controlled through growth retardants. However, there is lack of information on the effect of these products on the physiological quality of seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of wheat seeds obtained under different rates and application times of three growth retardants. The trial was carried out in Viçosa-MG, from May to September 2005, in a factorial and hierarchical scheme, in randomized block design with four replications and a control treatment. The treatments consisted of 500, 1000 and 1500g ha-1 of chlormequat; 40, 80 and 120g ha-1 of paclobutrazol and 62.5, 125 and 187.5g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl applied at the 6 or 8 growth stage based on the scale of Feeks and Large, and a control treatment without growth retardant application. Leaf application of growth retardants as chlormequat, paclobutrazol and trinexapac-ethyl did not affect the germination and vigor of wheat seeds.

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