Optical anisotropy of some cholesteryl esters of fatty acids

Pramana ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Subramhanyam ◽  
Upkar Singh Hunjan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Optical Anisotropy ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters

Gas chromatographic separation of cholesteryl esters of fatty acids of different degrees of unsaturation

Lipids ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Takagi ◽  
Akira Sakai ◽  
Yutaka Itabashi ◽  
Kenji Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Separation

scholarly journals The incorporation of linoleic acid into the plasma lipids of sheep given intraruminal infusions of maize oil or free linoleic acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Direct Incorporation ◽  
Maize Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides and unesterilied fatty acids were determined in two sheep at various times after they had been given intraruminal infusions of emulsions of maize oil or linoleic acid.2. The concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides began to increase 3 h after infusion began. The infusions of maize oil and linoleic acid resulted in the appearance of peak concentrations of linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides 6 and 12h respectively after infusion began.3. After the infusion of maize oil the plasma triglycerides showed an increasein theconcentration of stearic acid but after the infusion of linoleic acid the plasma triglycerides showed an increase in the concentration of oleic acid.4. The concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters did not begin to increase until 6–9 h and 24–25 h respectively after the infusions had begun.5. No evidence was found for an absorption mechanism which involved the direct incorporation of linoleic acid into the blood phospholipids or cholesteryl esters.

EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE ON THE FATTY ACIDS OF PLASMA CHOLESTERYL ESTERS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE CASTRATED RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyman ◽  
Angela Shannon ◽  
Rosemarie Ostwald ◽  
P. Miljanich
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The effects of physiological doses of estradiol and testosterone on plasma cholesteryl ester and phospholipid fatty acid composition were investigated in castrated male rats. The animals were killed after 3 weeks on experiment, and their plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids were analyzed and compared with those of intact female and male rats.Estradiol appeared to be responsible for the increased proportion of plasma cholesteryl arachidonate seen in the female or estrogen-injected rats since the proportion of cholesteryl arachidonate in castrated control rats was lower and similar to that of male or testosterone-treated rats. Plasma phospholipids of female and estradiol-injected rats had a higher percentage of stearic acid relative to palmitic acid. On the other hand, male, castrated control and testosterone-treated rats had higher proportions of palmitic acid. Fractionation of the plasma phospholipids into cephalins, lecithins, sphingomyelins, and lysolecithins, and analyses of their fatty acids, revealed that a principal effect of estradiol was to increase proportions and amounts of stearic and arachidonic acids in the lecithin fraction.The results suggest that estradiol may influence the synthesis of a lecithin rich in stearic and arachidonic acid. A possible relationship between the arachidonic-acid-rich lecithin and the higher percentage of cholesteryl arachidonate in estradiol-treated rats is discussed.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the plasma lipids of sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. In Expt 1, four adult wether sheep were given diets of hay or dried grass in an alternating sequence of feeding treatments. Each treatment period lasted for 20 days and blood samples were taken from the sheep on the last day of each period. When the diet of hay (linoleic: linolenic acid ratio 1.40) was replaced by one of dried grass (linoleic: linolenic acid ratio 0.28), there was an increase in the concentration of linolenic acid and a decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. There was an increase in the concentration of stearic acid and a decrease in the concentration of palmitic acid in the plasma triglycerides. Dietary change did not affect the composition of the plasma unesterified fatty acids.2. In Expt 2, two adult wether sheep, each with a rumen fistula, were given daily intraruminal infusions of 60 g of ‘linolenic’ or ‘linoleic’ acids (both about 70% pure) over a period of 5 days. The infusion treatments were then reversed. Blood samples were taken at the end of each infusion period. Intraruminal infusions of ‘linolenic’ acid increased the concentration of linolenic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids and increased the concentration of stearic acid in the plasma triglycerides. The infusions of ‘linoleic’ acid increased the concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. No appreciable changes were observed in the composition of the plasma unesterified fatty acids.

scholarly journals Lipidomic and Ultrastructural Characterization of Cell Envelope of Staphylococcus aureus Grown in the Presence of Human Serum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Hines ◽  
Gloria Alvarado ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Craig Gatto ◽  
Antje Pokorny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Cell Envelopes ◽  
Triton X

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus can incorporate exogenous straight-chain unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (SCUFAs and SCFAs, respectively) to replace some of the normally biosynthesized branched-chain fatty acids and SCFAs. In this study, the impact of human serum on the S. aureus lipidome and cell envelope structure was comprehensively characterized. When grown in the presence of 20% human serum, typical human serum lipids, such as cholesterol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylcholines, were present in the total lipid extracts. Mass spectrometry showed that SCUFAs were incorporated into all major S. aureus lipid classes, i.e., phosphatidylglycerols, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerols, cardiolipins, and diglucosyldiacylglycerols. Heat-killed S. aureus retained much fewer serum lipids and failed to incorporate SCUFAs, suggesting that association and incorporation of serum lipids with S. aureus requires a living or non-denatured cell. Cytoplasmic membranes isolated from lysostaphin-produced protoplasts of serum-grown cells retained serum lipids, but washing cells with Triton X-100 removed most of them. Furthermore, electron microscopy studies showed that serum-grown cells had thicker cell envelopes and associated material on the surface, which was partially removed by Triton X-100 washing. To investigate which serum lipids were preferentially hydrolyzed by S. aureus lipases for incorporation, we incubated individual serum lipid classes with S. aureus and found that cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs) are the major donors of the incorporated fatty acids. Further experiments using purified Geh lipase confirmed CEs and TGs being the substrates of this enzyme. Thus, growth in the presence of serum altered the nature of the cell surface with implications for interactions with the host.IMPORTANCEComprehensive lipidomics of S. aureus grown in the presence of human serum suggests human serum lipids can associate with the cell envelope without being truly integrated into the lipid membrane. However, fatty acids-derived from human serum lipids, including unsaturated fatty acids, can be incorporated into lipid classes that can be biosynthesized by S. aureus itself. Cholesteryl esters and triglycerides are found to be the major source of incorporated fatty acids upon hydrolysis by lipases. These findings have significant implications for the nature of the S. aureus cell surface when grown in vivo. Changes in phospholipid and glycolipid abundances and fatty acid composition could affect membrane biophysics and function and the activity of membrane-targeting antimicrobials. Finally, the association of serum lipids with the cell envelope has implications for the physicochemical nature of the cell surface and its interaction with host defense systems.

Surface Lipids of the Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jacob ◽  
Gottfried Raab ◽  
Udo Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Cuticular Lipid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surface Lipids ◽  
Lepisma Saccharina

Abstract Surface lipids obtained from the silverfish by short-term solvent extraction contain ali­ phatic hydrocarbons, monoester waxes, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, free cholesterol, and free fatty acids. Together, cholesteryl esters and free cholesterol account for >30% of the total lipids. As found for other arthropods living in aquatic or moist environments unsaturated homologues predominate among the acidic constituents. The cuticular lipid composition o f silverfish resembles that of other more primitive arthropod forms such as stoneflies and dragonflies.

Effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on the composition of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in plasma and liver perfusate of the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 472-477
Author(s):  
Aleš Ẑák ◽  
Karel Hátle ◽  
Přemysl Mareš ◽  
Antonín Vrána ◽  
Miroslav Zeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters
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