EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE ON THE FATTY ACIDS OF PLASMA CHOLESTERYL ESTERS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE CASTRATED RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyman ◽  
Angela Shannon ◽  
Rosemarie Ostwald ◽  
P. Miljanich
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The effects of physiological doses of estradiol and testosterone on plasma cholesteryl ester and phospholipid fatty acid composition were investigated in castrated male rats. The animals were killed after 3 weeks on experiment, and their plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids were analyzed and compared with those of intact female and male rats.Estradiol appeared to be responsible for the increased proportion of plasma cholesteryl arachidonate seen in the female or estrogen-injected rats since the proportion of cholesteryl arachidonate in castrated control rats was lower and similar to that of male or testosterone-treated rats. Plasma phospholipids of female and estradiol-injected rats had a higher percentage of stearic acid relative to palmitic acid. On the other hand, male, castrated control and testosterone-treated rats had higher proportions of palmitic acid. Fractionation of the plasma phospholipids into cephalins, lecithins, sphingomyelins, and lysolecithins, and analyses of their fatty acids, revealed that a principal effect of estradiol was to increase proportions and amounts of stearic and arachidonic acids in the lecithin fraction.The results suggest that estradiol may influence the synthesis of a lecithin rich in stearic and arachidonic acid. A possible relationship between the arachidonic-acid-rich lecithin and the higher percentage of cholesteryl arachidonate in estradiol-treated rats is discussed.

scholarly journals Lipidomics application to explain acute cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Experimental Protocols

Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardio-toxicity is one of the important limiting factors for the clinical use of this drug, the exact mechanism underlying the cardiotoxicity is still under debate and different experimental protocols were used. Lipidomics technology was used in this study to investigate the underlying the cardiotoxicity is still under debate and different experimental protocols were used. Lipidomics technology was used in this study to investigate the underlying mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. Lipidomics refers to the complete analysis of lipid profile of a cell or organism based on the principles and tools of analytical chemistry particularly mass spectrometry. This study was designed to investigate cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin using lipidomics technology. Method: Twelve adult male rats divided randomly into two groups, each group comprising of six rats. 1: Control group (single dose (1ml) saline intraperitoneally); 2: DOX group (20 mg/ kg single dose intraperitoneally). After anesthesia, the myocardial tissue harvested and stored in liquid nitrogen, then the metabolites will be extracted from left ventricle of the heart tissue, derivatized using boron trifluride-methanol 10% and then the metabolites identified using GC-MS. Results: The results showed that treatment with DOX produced significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of acetic acid, cholesterol, myristic acid, and stearic acid. Whereas the level of arachidonic acid, linolic acid, pentadecanoic acid, oleic acid and ricinoleic acid, decreased significantly (P<0.05) in DOX group. Lauric acid, palmitic acid, and methylcyclohexane, were found to be increased in DOX group. Conclusion: This study showed that DOX induced cardiotoxicity can be identified by lipidomics technique by measuring lipid biomarkers of cardiotoxicity in heart tissue which include the saturated fatty acids (stearic acid, acetic acid and palmitic acid), unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid) as well as cholesterol

Olive or salmon oils affect differently the storage and transport of fatty acids by VLDL in hypercholesterolemic rats fed different proteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherazede Bouderbala ◽  
Malika Bouchenak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of olive or salmon oil on the hepatic storage and transport of fatty acids by very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Design/methodology/approach – In all, 24 male Wistar rats (80 ± 5 g) were fed a 0.5 per cent cholesterol-enriched diet with either 20 per cent casein (C) or chickpea (CP) proteins with 10 per cent olive (O) or salmon (S) oil for 28 days. Findings – In VLDL-triacyglycerols fatty acids, oleic acid content was higher in CPS as compared to that in CS or CPO and lower in CS and CPO than that in CO; linoleic acid content was higher in all groups; arachidonic acid content was higher in CS and CPO as compared to that in CO. In the liver, TG fatty acids content was lower in CPO or CPS as compared to that in CO or CS; oleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPS than that in CPO; linoleic acid content was lower in CS, CPS and CPO than that in CO, CPO and CO. In liver, phospholipid fatty acid, oleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPS than that in CS; oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPO compared to that in CO. In liver, cholesteryl esters fatty acids, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids contents were higher in CPS as compared to that in CS; oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CS as compared to that in CO; linoleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPS than that in CPO. Originality/value – A cholesterol-enriched diet containing casein or chickpea proteins combined with olive or salmon oil affects the hepatic storage and transport of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids by VLDL.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inappropriate, excessive or uncontrolled inflammation contributes to a range of human diseases. Inflammation involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators and interactions. The present article will describe nutritional and metabolic aspects of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and explain the roles of bioactive members of those fatty acid families in inflammatory processes. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are n-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are capable of partly inhibiting many aspects of inflammation including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte–endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid, and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of EPA and DHA include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB so reducing expression of inflammatory genes and activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from EPA and DHA in a range of models of inflammatory conditions. Human trials demonstrate benefit of oral n-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis and in stabilizing advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Intravenous n-3 fatty acids may have benefits in critically ill patients through reduced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving actions of EPA, DHA and their derivatives are of clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Effect of chronic ethanol administration on energy metabolism and phospholipase A2 activity in rat liver

1979 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P I Spach ◽  
J W Parce ◽  
C C Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Apparent Lack

1. For a period of 31 days male rats were given a liquid diet containing 36% of its energy as ethanol. Liver mitochondria from these animals demonstrated lowered respiratory control with succinate as substrate, a diminished energy-linked anilinonaphthalene-sulphonic acid fluorescence response, and lowered endogenous ATP concentrations. The phospholipid/protein ratio in mitochondria from these animals was unchanged; only minor alterations in the phospholipid fatty acid composition were observed. 2. In experiments where mitochondria were incubated at 18 degrees C in iso-osmotic sucrose (aging experiments), the above energy-linked properties were lost at an earlier time in organelles from ethanol-fed animals. Phospholipase A2 acitivty was depressed in mitochondria from control animals until respiratory control was lost and ATP was depleted. In contrast, no lag in the expression of phospholipase activity was observed in mitochondria from ethanol-fed rats. This loss of control of the phospholipase resulted in an earlier degradation of membrane phospholipids under the conditions of the aging experiments. 3. The ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activities, measured in freshly prepared tightly coupled mitochondria and in organelles uncoupled with carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, were not significantly different in ethanol-fed and liquid-diet control animals. When the mitochondria were aged at 18 degrees C, the activity increased with time of incubation in organelles from both groups of animals. A lag was observed, however, as the ATPase activity increased in control preparations. This lag was not present as APTase activity increased in mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals. 4. The significantly lowered values observed for energy-linked functions with succinate as an energy source demonstrate that ethanol elicits an alteration in liver mitochondria that affects the site II-site III regions of the oxidative-phosphorylation system. The apparent lack of control of the phospholipase A2 and ATPase activities in mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals suggests that the membrane microenvironment of these enzymes has been altered such that they can exert their catabolic effects more readily under conditions of mild perturbation. The fatty acid analyses demonstrate that the observed alterations both in the energy-linked functions and in control of the phospholipase and ATPase are not mediated through changes in the acyl chain composition of bulk-phase phospholipids.

scholarly journals Stable-Isotope-Based Labeling of Styrene-Degrading Microorganisms in Biofilters

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4796-4804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandrino ◽  
Claudia Knief ◽  
André Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Deuterated styrene ([2H8]styrene) was used as a tracer in combination with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis for characterization of styrene-degrading microbial populations of biofilters used for treatment of waste gases. Deuterated fatty acids were detected and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was evaluated with pure cultures of styrene-degrading bacteria and defined mixed cultures of styrene degraders and non-styrene-degrading organisms. Incubation of styrene degraders for 3 days with [2H8]styrene led to fatty acids consisting of up to 90% deuterated molecules. Mixed-culture experiments showed that specific labeling of styrene-degrading strains and only weak labeling of fatty acids of non-styrene-degrading organisms occurred after incubation with [2H8]styrene for up to 7 days. Analysis of actively degrading filter material from an experimental biofilter and a full-scale biofilter by this method showed that there were differences in the patterns of labeled fatty acids. For the experimental biofilter the fatty acids with largest amounts of labeled molecules were palmitic acid (16:0), 9,10-methylenehexadecanoic acid (17:0 cyclo9-10), and vaccenic acid (18:1 cis11). These lipid markers indicated that styrene was degraded by organisms with aPseudomonas-like fatty acid profile. In contrast, the most intensively labeled fatty acids of the full-scale biofilter sample were palmitic acid and cis-11-hexadecenoic acid (16:1cis11), indicating that an unknown styrene-degrading taxon was present. Iso-, anteiso-, and 10-methyl-branched fatty acids showed no or weak labeling. Therefore, we found no indication that styrene was degraded by organisms with methyl-branched fatty fatty acids, such as Xanthomonas, Bacillus,Streptomyces, or Gordonia spp.

scholarly journals Resistance of Biomphalaria alexandrina to Schistosoma mansoni and Bulinus truncatus to Schistosoma haematobium Correlates with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in the Snail Soft Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Marian Elias ◽  
Rasha S. Hanafi ◽  
Samia El-Bardicy ◽  
Ebtisam A. Hafez ◽  
Rashika El Ridi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Bulinus Truncatus ◽  
Biomphalaria Alexandrina ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Only a fraction of the Biomphalaria and Bulinus snail community shows patent infection with schistosomes despite continuous exposure to the parasite, indicating that a substantial proportion of snails may resist infection. Accordingly, exterminating the schistosome intermediate snail hosts in transmission foci in habitats that may extend to kilometres is cost-prohibitive and damaging to the ecological equilibrium and quality of water and may be superfluous. It may be more cost effective with risk less ecological damage to focus on discovering the parameters governing snail susceptibility and resistance to schistosome infection. Therefore, laboratory bred Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus snails were exposed to miracidia of laboratory-maintained Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively. Snails were examined for presence or lack of infection association with soft tissue and hemolymph content of proteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides, evaluated using standard biochemical techniques and palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid, assayed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Successful schistosome infection of B. alexandrina and B. truncatus consistently and reproducibly correlated with snails showing highly significant (up to P < 0.0001 ) decrease in soft tissue and hemolymph content of the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, and arachidonic acids as compared to naïve snails. Snails that resisted twice infection had soft tissue content of oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid similar to naïve counterparts. High levels of soft tissue and hemolymph oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid content appear to interfere with schistosome development in snails. Diet manipulation directed to eliciting excessive increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids in snails may protect them from infection and interrupt disease transmission in a simple and effective manner.

The relationships between dietary fatty acids, plasma lipid composition and milk fat secretion in the cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
R. C. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SummaryThe effects of the isocaloric replacement of starch in a low-fat concentrate mixture by either 5 or 10% ‘stearic acid’ (85% pure) or by 10% ‘palmitic acid’ (85% pure) on the composition of the plasma lipids were investigated in a feeding experiment with 12 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with a high roughage diet that supplied daily 4·4 kg of hay and 2·7 kg of sugar-beet pulp. A study was made of the relationships between the compositions of the plasma and milk lipids.The inclusion of 10% ‘stearic acid’ or 10% ‘palmitic acid’ in the concentrate mixture increased the concentration of total plasma fatty acids. Irrespective of dietary treatment, about 40% of the total plasma fatty acids occurred in the cholesteryl ester fraction, 54% in the phospholipid fraction, 3% in the triglyceride fraction and 3% in the unesterified fatty acid fraction. There was a positive curvilinear relationship between the concentration of unesterified fatty acids in the plasma and the yield of total milk fatty acids.In the plasma triglycerides, the concentrations of 16:0 and 16:1 were decreased and the concentration of 18:0 was increased when the concentrate mixture contained ‘stearic acid’; the concentration of 16:0 was increased and the concentrations of 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 were decreased when the concentrate mixture contained ‘palmitic acid’. Similar changes were observed in the compositions of the plasma unesterified fatty acids when the cows were given the different diets.In the plasma cholesteryl esters, the concentration of 16:0 was decreased and the concentrations of 18:3 and 20:4 were increased when the concentrate mixture contained stearic acid; the concentrations of 16:1, 18:3 and 20:4 were increased and the concentration of 18:2 was decreased when the diet was supplemented with palmitic acid. The addition of stearic acid to the diet increased the concentration of 18:0, 18:1 and 18:3 in the plasma phospholipids but decreased the concentrations of 16:0, 18:2, 20:3 and 20:4. When the diet contained palmitic acid the concentrations of 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 18:3 in the plasma phospholipids were increased but the concentrations of 18:0, 18:2 and 20:3 were decreased.The major fatty acid circulating in the plasma of the cows was 18:2, which accounted for about 45% of the total plasma fatty acids. Only about 0·7% of the total plasma 18:2 occurred in the plasma triglycerides.The results are discussed in relation to the changes in the composition of the milk fatty acids produced by the cows when they were given the experimental diets.

The thrombin-dependent enrichment of alkenylacyl ethanolamine phosphoglyceride with [14C]eicosapentaenoic and [3H]arachidonic acids in prelabelled human platelets

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Weaver ◽  
B.J. Holub
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Arachidonic Acids ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Individual Human

The thrombin-dependent enrichment of alkenylacyl ethanolamine phosphoglyceride in [14C]eicosapentaenoic acid ([14C]EPA) was demonstrated and compared with [3H]arachidonic acid ([3H]AA) following the simultaneous prelabelling of individual human platelet phospholipids with these two fatty acids. The alkenylacyl, diacyl, and alkylacyl classes of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (PE) were separated by thin-layer chromatography as their acetylated derivatives after hydrolysis of the parent phospholipid with phospholipase C. The ratios of [3H]/[14C] for the increased radioactivity appearing in alkenylacyl PE following 60 and 120 s of thrombin stimulation were the same as the corresponding ratio (2.0) found in the choline phosphoglycerides (PC) from control (unstimulated) platelets. These results suggest no significant selectivity between EPA and AA in the thrombin-stimulated transfer of these fatty acids from diacyl PC to alkenylacyl PE. The present findings may possibly bear some relevance to the altered platelet reactivity and (or) decreased thromboxane A2 formation observed in human subjects following the ingestion of marine lipid containing EPA.

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