scholarly journals Surface composition and near-surface hardness studies on high dose boron-implanted 304 stainless steel

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Goel ◽  
N D Sharma ◽  
R K Mohindra ◽  
P K Ghosh ◽  
M C Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Near Surface

The Effects of Low-Energy-Nitrogen-Ion Implantation on the Tribological and Microstructural Characteristics of AISI 304 Stainless Steel

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wei ◽  
B. Shogrin ◽  
P. J. Wilbur ◽  
O. Ozturk ◽  
D. L. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

The effects of nitrogen implantation conditions (ion energy, dose rate, and processing time) on the thickness and wear behavior of N-rich layers produced on 304 stainless-steel surfaces are examined. Surfaces implanted at elevated temperatures (≈400°C) with 0.4 to 2 keV nitrogen ions at high dose rates (1.5 to 3.8 mA/cm2) are compared to surfaces implanted at higher energies (30 to 60 keV) and lower current densities (0.1 to 0.25 mA/cm2). The most wear-resistant surfaces are observed when the implanted-ion energy is near 1 keV and the dose is very large (> 2 × 1019 ions/cm2). Typically, surfaces implanted under these optimum conditions exhibit load-bearing capabilities at least 1000 times that of the untreated material. Some comparisons are also made to surfaces processed using conventional plasma-nitriding. Samples treated using either process have wear-resistant surface layers in which the nitrogen is in solid solution in the fcc phase. It is argued that the deep N migration (> 1 μm) that occurs under low-energy implantation conditions is due to thermal diffusion that is enhanced by a mechanism other than radiation-induced vacancy production.

scholarly journals Stainless Steel Surface Nitriding in Open Atmosphere Cold Plasma: Improved Mechanical, Corrosion and Wear Resistance Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4836
Author(s):  
Alice O. Mateescu ◽  
Gheorghe Mateescu ◽  
Adriana Balan ◽  
Catalin Ceaus ◽  
Ioan Stamatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Open Atmosphere ◽  
Friction Regime

This work presents preliminary results regarding improving the mechanical, wear and protective properties (hardness, coefficient of friction, corrosion resistance) of AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces by open atmosphere cold plasma surface treatment method. Comparative evaluations of the morphological, corrosion resistance, mechanical and tribological properties for different periods of treatment (using N2 gas for cold plasma generation in an open atmosphere) were performed. AFM surface analyses have shown significant surface morphology modifications (average roughness, FWHM, surface skewness and kurtosis coefficient) of the treated samples. An improved corrosion resistance of the N2 treated surfaces in open atmosphere cold plasma could be observed using electrochemical corrosion tests. The mechanical tests have shown that the surface hardness (obtained by instrumented indentation) is higher for the 304 stainless steel samples than it is for the un-treated surface, and it decreases gradually for higher penetration depths. The kinetic coefficient of friction (obtained by ball-on-disk wear tests) is significantly lower for the treated samples and increases gradually to the value of the un-treated surface. The low friction regime length is dependent on the surface treatment period, with a longer cold plasma nitriding process leading to a significantly better wear behavior.

Effects of Ion Implantation Conditions on the Tribology of Ferrous Surfaces

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wei ◽  
P. J. Wilbur ◽  
W. S. Sampath ◽  
D. L. Williamson ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

The effects of implanted nitrogen ion dose and target surface temperature during implantation on the wear characteristics of iron (ferrite) and 304 stainless steel (austenite) have been studied systematically. Wear test results obtained using an oscillating pin-on-disk tester show that high dose rate, high dose implantation into these materials when they are being held at an elevated temperature (near 400°C) induce dramatic improvements in their wear characteristics. Surface and near-surface analysis techniques are used to demonstrate that implanted ion dose and surface temperature can be controlled to produce a desired microstructural state and thickness of the nitrogen-implanted layer. The most wear resistant surfaces are produced when γ’-Fe4N is formed in the ferrite and a concentrated solid solution of nitrogen is produced in the austenite. Implanted layer thicknesses greater than ~ 1 μm (an order of magnitude beyond the ballistic implantation depth) are observed in the austenite.

scholarly journals Study on Failure Mechanism and Phase Transformation of 304 Stainless Steel during Erosion Wear

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Youjun Ye ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xingxing Lv ◽  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Slip Lines

In this paper, the failure mechanism and phase transformation process of 304 stainless steel during the erosion wear process were studied with a rotary erosion wear test device. The surface morphologies of the worn 304 stainless steel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The metallographic structures of the nonworn and worn 304 stainless steel were analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the surface hardness on different areas of the sample was also measured. The results demonstrated that the failure mechanism of 304 stainless steel during the process of erosion wear was cutting and spalling caused by plastic deformation. The high-density dislocations move along the slip planes between slip lines, which resulted in the formation of martensite phase between the slip lines. Meanwhile, the martensitic transformation on the worn surface caused by severe plastic deformation was the coordination of dislocation martensite and twin martensite.

The Influence of Implantation Conditions and Target Orientation in High Dose Implantation of Al+ into Si

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nam-Avar ◽  
J. I. Budnick ◽  
A. Fasihuddin ◽  
H. C. Hayden ◽  
D. A. Pease ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Polycrystalline Structure ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Projected Range

ABSTRACTWe report the preliminary results of a study to determine the dependence of the near surface composition and structure on total dose, dose rate, vacuum condition and substrate orientation for Al implantation into Si (111) and Si (100) with doses up to 2 × 10l8 ions/cm2. Our studies include the results of Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray diffraction measurements on samples implanted with a 100 keV energy in a diffusion pumped vacuum (DPV) system (10−6 Torr) with and without a LN2 trap and in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) system (2–4) x 10−8 Torr.Results of high dose rate (50 μA/cm2 ) implantation into Si (111) in an untrapped DPV system indicate that Al segregates with a preferred (111) orientation. For a dose of 1 × 1018 ions/cm2 the surface is Al-rich to a depth of 2500Å while for lower doses the surface is silicon-rich. A carbon build-yp occurred for samples prepared by low dose rate (5 μA/cm2 ) implantation. However, no Al segregation could be observed for doses of less than 1018 ions/cm2 . A similar behavior has been observed for Si (100) except that Al segregation occurs with a polycrystalline structure. Moreover, the segregated Al is present at depths greater than the projected range.When implantation was carried out in a DPV system with a LN2 trap, no carbon peaks could be observed by RBS regardless of the dose rate. For these conditions, as well as for the implantation of Al in an UHV system, we find Al segregation with a polycrystalline structure independent of the dose rates and target orientations we used. Al is observed at a depth greater by a factor of two than the expected value from the Rpcalculations. The Al depth penetration increases with the dose of implantation.

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