Pulmonary tissue volume and blood flow as functions of body surface area and age

Lung ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcy F. Petrini ◽  
Margaret S. Phillips ◽  
David A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue Volume

Should blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass be individualized more than to body surface area?

Perfusion ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Thomassen ◽  
A. Larsson ◽  
JJ Andreasen ◽  
W. Bundgaard ◽  
M. Boegsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface

A computerized timing algorithm for determination of pulmonary tissue volume

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Petrini ◽  
T. M. Dwyer ◽  
M. S. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Single Interface ◽  
Computerized Method ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue Volume ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Space Method

We developed a computerized method to measure pulmonary tissue volume (Vt) and capillary blood flow (Qc) that requires only a single interface for measurement of a soluble and an insoluble gas. The method uses a timing algorithm that replaces either a marker gas (C18O) or a volume signal. Gas concentrations are stored in digitized form. The data analysis consists of three parts: 1) initial and end-tidal samples found by using minima and maxima; 2) a timing algorithm derived from the end-tidal dead space method (ETDS, J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 44: 782-795, 1978); and 3) calculations of Vt and Qc, also by the ETDS method. Both the timing and Vt and Qc agree well with the hand-calculated values, but the coefficient of variation of Vt is slightly improved (6 vs. 7% manually). We conclude that our computerized method is equivalent to the manual ETDS method, but it is faster and more accurate; in addition, it has the advantage of requiring only one interface without the use of expensive gases.

Pulmonary tissue volume in isolated perfused dog lungs

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Crapo ◽  
J. D. Crapo ◽  
A. H. Morris ◽  
S. L. Berlin ◽  
W. C. Devries
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue Volume ◽  
Isolated Lungs

Lung tissue volume (Vt) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) were measured with an acetylene rebreathing technique in intact and isolated perfused dog lungs. Qc (1.73 ± 0.17 l/min) was consistently greater than pump flow (0.87 ± 0.10 l/min) in isolated perfused lungs because acetylene disappearance from the lung was increased by diffusion across the pleura into the room. In spite of the increased acetylene loss, Vt can be measured in isolated lungs with reproducibility similar to that in intact animals (Vt intact = 207 ± 63 ml, Vt isolated perfused = 208 ± 61 ml).

Effect of the rebreathing pattern on pulmonary tissue volume and capillary blood flow

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1881-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Kallay ◽  
R. W. Hyde ◽  
P. J. Fahey ◽  
M. J. Utell ◽  
B. T. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue Volume

Noninvasive rebreathing measurements of pulmonary tissue volume (Vt) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) theoretically and experimentally vary with the rebreathing maneuver. To determine the cause of these variations and identify ways to minimize them, we examined the consequences of varying the volume inspired (VI), rebreathing rate (f), volume rebreathed (Vreb), and alveolar volume (VA) on the observed Vt and Qc in six normal sitting subjects. When VA was increased by progressively larger VI and Vreb, Vt increased 50 ml/l of VA. Increasing VA while keeping VI and Vreb constant did not significantly alter Vt. Diminishing Vreb while VA and VI constant caused Vt to fall 108 ml/l decrease in Vreb. Therefore the observed Vt is not simply a function of VA but increased with greater penetration of the inspired gas into the lungs. Diminishing f from 40 to 12 breaths/min caused the observed Vt to rise 27%, indicating time allowed for alveolar mixing is an important determinant of Vt. The observed Qc, in contrast, was essentially independent of the same variations in rebreathing. The above findings were similar regardless of solubility of the tracer gas (dimethyl ether instead of acetylene) or changing to the supine position. A two-compartment series lung model derived from the anatomy and rates of gas mixing in normal human pulmonary lobules produced similar changes in Vt. Thus the degree of uneven distribution between ventilation, VA, Vt, and Qc within the normal lung lobule can account for variations in the observed Vt with different ventilatory maneuvers. Slow deep breathing maneuvers tended to reduce variations in Vt. Unlike Qc, the observed value of Vt can be expected to vary substantially with pathological processes that alter pulmonary gas distribution.

Measurement of pulmonary tissue volume and blood flow in persons with normal and edematous lungs

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1375-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Overland ◽  
R. N. Gupta ◽  
G. J. Huchon ◽  
J. F. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue Volume

We measured pulmonary tissue volume (Vt) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) by a rebreathing method using two soluble gases, acetylene (C2H2) and dimethyl ether (DME), in 32 normal subjects and 14 patients who had had pulmonary edema. In 18 of the normal subjects, studies were performed at three or more different rebreathing volumes (VA). To normalize for differences in body size, results were expressed as the ratio of Vt or VA to predicted total lung capacity (TLC). We found that 1) changes in VA/TLC had a significant effect on Vt/TLC and Qc measured with both gases, 2) the range of normal values for Vt was best defined by expressing the relationship between Vt/TLC and VA/TLC, 3) using this approach, many patients with clinically mild or inapparent pulmonary edema had abnormal values of Vt, and 4) when comparing mean values of C2H2 and DME in 82 simultaneous measurements at constant VA/TLC, Vt was significantly higher in 87% (71/82) and Qc in 63% (52/82) of the paired tests.

Risk Factors for Bleeding during Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos P J Wester ◽  
Harold W de Valk ◽  
Karel H Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Catherine B Brouwer ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Summary Objective: Identification of risk factors for bleeding and prospective evaluation of two bleeding risk scores in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: One university and 2 regional teaching hospitals. Patients: 188 patients treated with heparin or danaparoid for acute venous thromboembolism. Measurements: The presenting clinical features, the doses of the drugs, and the anticoagulant responses were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to evaluate prognostic factors for bleeding. In addition, the recently developed Utrecht bleeding risk score and Landefeld bleeding risk index were evaluated prospectively. Results: Major bleeding occurred in 4 patients (2.1%) and minor bleeding in 101 patients (53.7%). For all (major and minor combined) bleeding, body surface area ≤2 m2 (odds ratio 2.3, 95% Cl 1.2-4.4; p = 0.01), and malignancy (odds ratio 2.4, 95% Cl 1.1-4.9; p = 0.02) were confirmed to be independent risk factors. An increased treatment-related risk of bleeding was observed in patients treated with high doses of heparin, independent of the concomitant activated partial thromboplastin time ratios. Both bleeding risk scores had low diagnostic value for bleeding in this sample of mainly minor bleeders. Conclusions: A small body surface area and malignancy were associated with a higher frequency of bleeding. The bleeding risk scores merely offer the clinician a general estimation of the risk of bleeding. In patients with a small body surface area or in patients with malignancy, it may be of interest to study whether limited dose reduction of the anticoagulant drug may cause less bleeding without affecting efficacy.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

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