Differences in pressure sensitivity and tactile discrimination among individuals as a function of gender and body surface area

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somer M. Givens ◽  
David B. Boles
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Pressure Sensitivity ◽  
Tactile Discrimination

Risk Factors for Bleeding during Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos P J Wester ◽  
Harold W de Valk ◽  
Karel H Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Catherine B Brouwer ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Summary Objective: Identification of risk factors for bleeding and prospective evaluation of two bleeding risk scores in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: One university and 2 regional teaching hospitals. Patients: 188 patients treated with heparin or danaparoid for acute venous thromboembolism. Measurements: The presenting clinical features, the doses of the drugs, and the anticoagulant responses were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to evaluate prognostic factors for bleeding. In addition, the recently developed Utrecht bleeding risk score and Landefeld bleeding risk index were evaluated prospectively. Results: Major bleeding occurred in 4 patients (2.1%) and minor bleeding in 101 patients (53.7%). For all (major and minor combined) bleeding, body surface area ≤2 m2 (odds ratio 2.3, 95% Cl 1.2-4.4; p = 0.01), and malignancy (odds ratio 2.4, 95% Cl 1.1-4.9; p = 0.02) were confirmed to be independent risk factors. An increased treatment-related risk of bleeding was observed in patients treated with high doses of heparin, independent of the concomitant activated partial thromboplastin time ratios. Both bleeding risk scores had low diagnostic value for bleeding in this sample of mainly minor bleeders. Conclusions: A small body surface area and malignancy were associated with a higher frequency of bleeding. The bleeding risk scores merely offer the clinician a general estimation of the risk of bleeding. In patients with a small body surface area or in patients with malignancy, it may be of interest to study whether limited dose reduction of the anticoagulant drug may cause less bleeding without affecting efficacy.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

Oxygen Fraction Adjustment According to Body Surface Area during Extracorporeal Circulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 098
Author(s):  
Cem Arıtürk ◽  
Serpil Ustalar Özgen ◽  
Behiç Danışan ◽  
Hasan Karabulut ◽  
Fevzi Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Background:</strong> The inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) is usually set between 60% and 100% during conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, this strategy causes partial oxygen pressure (PaO<sub>2</sub>) to reach hyperoxemic levels (&gt;180 mmHg). During anesthetic management of cardiothoracic surgery it is important to keep PaO<sub>2</sub> levels between 80-180 mmHg. The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in accordance with body temperature and body surface area (BSA) during ECC is an effective method for maintaining normoxemic PaO<sub>2</sub> during cardiac surgery.</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Methods:</strong> After approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Acıbadem, informed consent was given from 60 patients. FiO<sub>2</sub> adjustment strategies applied to the patients in the groups were as follows: FiO<sub>2</sub> levels were set as 0.21 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.21 × BSA + 10 during rewarming in Group I; 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.18 × BSA + 15 during rewarming in Group II; and 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and variable with body temperature during rewarming in Group III. Arterial blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before ECC (T1); at the 10th minute of cross clamp (T2); when the esophageal temperature (OT) reached 34°C (T3); when OT reached 36°C (T4); and just before the cessation of ECC (T5).</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean PaO<sub>2</sub> was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II at T2 and T3 (<em>P</em> = .0001 and <em>P</em> = .0001, respectively); in Group I than in Group III at T1 (<em>P</em> = .02); and in Group II than in Group III at T2, T3, and T4 <br /> (<em>P</em> = .0001 for all). </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjustment of FiO<sub>2</sub> according to BSA rather than keeping it at a constant level is more appropriate for keeping PaO<sub>2</sub> between safe level limits. However, since oxygen consumption of cells vary with body temperature, it would be appropriate to set FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in concordance with the body temperature in the <br /> rewarming period.</span></p>

Body Surface Area Prediction in Odorrana grahami

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEN Guiying ◽  
LIU Jiongyu ◽  
DAI Qiang ◽  
JIANG Jianping
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface

scholarly journals Evaluation of body-surface-area adjusted dosing of high-dose methotrexate by population pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of cancer patients

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Arshad ◽  
Max Taubert ◽  
Tamina Seeger-Nukpezah ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Kirsten C. Spindeldreier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Methotrexate ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Dose Methotrexate

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to identify sources of variability including patient gender and body surface area (BSA) in pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure for high-dose methotrexate (MTX) continuous infusion in a large cohort of patients with hematological and solid malignancies. Methods We conducted a retrospective PK analysis of MTX plasma concentration data from hematological/oncological patients treated at the University Hospital of Cologne between 2005 and 2018. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was performed. Covariate data on patient demographics and clinical chemistry parameters was incorporated to assess relationships with PK parameters. Simulations were conducted to compare exposure and probability of target attainment (PTA) under BSA adjusted, flat and stratified dosing regimens. Results Plasma concentration over time data (2182 measurements) from therapeutic drug monitoring from 229 patients was available. PK of MTX were best described by a three-compartment model. Values for clearance (CL) of 4.33 [2.95–5.92] L h− 1 and central volume of distribution of 4.29 [1.81–7.33] L were estimated. An inter-occasion variability of 23.1% (coefficient of variation) and an inter-individual variability of 29.7% were associated to CL, which was 16 [7–25] % lower in women. Serum creatinine, patient age, sex and BSA were significantly related to CL of MTX. Simulations suggested that differences in PTA between flat and BSA-based dosing were marginal, with stratified dosing performing best overall. Conclusion A dosing scheme with doses stratified across BSA quartiles is suggested to optimize target exposure attainment. Influence of patient sex on CL of MTX is present but small in magnitude.

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