On the mechanism of transport of proline in the ciliary body, optic nerve and choroid plexus

1973 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
H. D. Landahl
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Ciliary Body

scholarly journals Eye Tumors in Childhood as First Sign of Tumor Predisposition Syndromes: Insights from an Observational Study Conducted in Germany and Austria

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Madlen Reschke ◽  
Eva Biewald ◽  
Leo Bronstein ◽  
Ines B. Brecht ◽  
Sabine Dittner-Moormann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Cancer Early Detection ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Eye Tumors ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Observational Study

Retinoblastoma and other eye tumors in childhood are rare diseases. Many eye tumors are the first signs of a genetic tumor predisposition syndrome and the affected children carry a higher risk of developing other cancers later in life. Clinical and genetic data of all children with eye tumors diagnosed between 2013–2018 in Germany and Austria were collected in a multicenter prospective observational study. In five years, 300 children were recruited into the study: 287 with retinoblastoma, 7 uveal melanoma, 3 ciliary body medulloepithelioma, 2 retinal astrocytoma, 1 meningioma of the optic nerve extending into the eye. Heritable retinoblastoma was diagnosed in 44% of children with retinoblastoma. One child with meningioma of the optic nerve extending into the eye was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis 2. No pathogenic constitutional variant in DICER1 was detected in a child with medulloepithelioma while two children did not receive genetic analysis. Because of the known association with tumor predisposition syndromes, genetic counseling should be offered to all children with eye tumors. Children with a genetic predisposition to cancer should receive a tailored surveillance including detailed history, physical examinations and, if indicated, imaging to screen for other cancer. Early detection of cancers may reduce mortality.

scholarly journals INFOLDED BASAL PLASMA MEMBRANES FOUND IN EPITHELIA NOTED FOR THEIR WATER TRANSPORT

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Marked Tendency ◽  
Secretory Ducts

Epithelia noted for their water transport have been studied by electron microscopy with particular emphasis upon basal specializations. Epithelia of the submaxillary gland, choroid plexus, and ciliary body are described in this article, and compared with previous observations on the kidney. The basal surface of all these epithelia is tremendously expanded by folds which penetrate deeply into the cytoplasm. In the submaxillary gland this is particularly notable in cells of the serous alveoli and in the secretory ducts. In these instances the folds have a fairly regular distribution and have a marked tendency to turn back upon themselves and so form repeating S-shaped patterns. In the choroid plexus the penetrating basal folds are limited to the lateral regions of each ependymal cell where they blend with the intercellular membranes that are also folded. In the epithelium of the ciliary body it is the inner layer that is specialized. The surface adjacent to the cavity of the eye penetrates irregularly, nearly through the full depth of the cell layer. The exposed surface is, in a fundamental sense, the basal surface of this epithelial layer. It is apparent that the pattern of folding is quite distinctive in the different epithelia. Therefore, the specializations should be regarded as analogous rather than homologous. Topographic considerations presumably limit the manner in which basal cell surfaces might be expanded. Penetrating folds would seem to represent almost the only possible solution.

Medulloepithelioma of the Ciliary Body and Optic Nerve: Clinicopathologic, CT, and MR Imaging Features

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thasarat S. Vajaranant ◽  
Mahmood F. Mafee ◽  
Rashmi Kapur ◽  
Mark Rapoport ◽  
Deepak P. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Imaging Features

scholarly journals Mice Expressing Myc in Neural Precursors Develop Choroid Plexus and Ciliary Body Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan L. Shannon ◽  
Ryann M. Fame ◽  
Kevin F. Chau ◽  
Neil Dani ◽  
Monica L. Calicchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Neural Precursors

Trauma and Glaucoma Emergencies

Glaucoma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana K. Badlani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Optic Atrophy ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
African American Race

• A tear in the anterior face of the ciliary body, with damage to the major arterial circle of the iris, arterial branches to the ciliary body, or veins coursing between the ciliary body and episcleral venous plexus • In most cases, the hyphema clears in a few days, with the red blood cells exiting the eye through the trabecular meshwork • The size of initial hyphema has prognostic significance regarding final visual acuity. • 76% of subtotal hyphemas attain a visual acuity of 20/50 or better, whereas only 35% of total hyphemas attain a visual acuity of 20/50 or better. •Overall in literature: 3.5% to 38% • Scandinavian literature: 2% to 9% • Most studies in urban North American centers: 20% to 30% •Clot lysis and retraction from the traumatized vessel can lead to a rebleed. • Usually between the third and the fifth day Increase in the size of the hyphema, a layer of fresh blood over older blood, and dispersed erythrocytes over the clot once the blood has settled •Ocular hypotony, hypertension, use of aspirin, and African-American race • The incidence of rebleed does not seem to correlate with the size of hyphema. Therefore, the use of medications to prevent rebleed should not depend on the size of hyphema. • Approximately one third of all patients with hyphema have increased IOP. • Obstruction of the trabecular meshwork by erythrocytes and blood products or damage to the trabecular meshwork function • In larger hyphemas, pupillary block by a blood clot can also contribute to increase in IOP. • Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) •Persistence of hyphema for more than 1 week can result in the formation of PAS. •Approximately 6% of patients have optic atrophy, exhibited by optic nerve pallor. • Secondary to elevated IOP or optic nerve contusion •The risk of optic atrophy appears to be greater if the IOP is allowed to remain 50 mmHg or more for 5 days or 35 mmHg or more for 7 days in sickle cell-negative patients without prior optic nerve damage. •The incidence of corneal blood staining is between 2% and 11% and is much higher in patients with a total hyphema.

Extrarenal tissue distribution of CHIP28 water channels by in situ hybridization and antibody staining

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. C893-C903 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hasegawa ◽  
S. C. Lian ◽  
W. E. Finkbeiner ◽  
A. S. Verkman
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Strong Hybridization

This study is an extension of in situ hybridization experiments showing expression of mRNA encoding CHIP28 in selected epithelial or endothelia in spleen, colon, lung, and eye (H. Hasegawa, R. Zhang, A. Dohrman, and A. S. Verkman. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Cell Physiol. 33): C237-C245, 1993). Additional tissues from rat were screened by in situ hybridization, and tissues from rat and humans were stained with a polyclonal anti-CHIP28 antibody. Northern blot showed the 2.8-kilobase mRNA encoding CHIP28 in kidney, lung, and heart. In situ hybridization showed strong hybridization in epithelial cells in choroid plexus, iris, ciliary body, and lens and in epithelial and subepithelial layers of trachea. Except for colonic crypts, specific hybridization was not observed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, thyroid gland, and muscle. Immunoblot of tissues from exsanguinated rats showed immunoreactive CHIP28 protein in kidney, lung, trachea, and heart. In fixed frozen rat and/or human tissues, the anti-CHIP28 antibody stained epithelial cells in kidney proximal tubule and thin limb of Henle, lung alveolus, bronchial mucosa and glands, choroid plexus, ciliary body, iris, lens surface, colonic crypt, sweat gland, pancreatic acini, gallbladder epithelium, and placental syncytial trophoblast cells. Endothelial cells were stained in many tissues. These studies indicate a wide and selective CHIP28 tissue distribution, suggesting an important role for CHIP28 in fluid transport. The absence of CHIP28 in many nonrenal membranes believed to be water permeable suggests the existence of non-CHIP28 water transporters.

scholarly journals Organ distribution in rats of two members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family, gp330 and LRP/alpha 2MR, and the receptor-associated protein (RAP).

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Zheng ◽  
D R Bachinsky ◽  
I Stamenkovic ◽  
D K Strickland ◽  
D Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

We investigated immunohistochemically the distribution in rats of the homologous proteins gp330 and the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP/alpha 2MR), and a receptor-associated protein (RAP), and the sites to which soluble exogenous RAP binds. We found gp330 in a restricted group of epithelial cells, including renal proximal tubule cells, podocytes, Type II pneumocytes, cells of the parathyroid, thyroid, epididymis, lining of the uterus, ependyma, retina, ciliary body, yolk sac, and placenta. In these cells gp330 was detected mainly at the cell surface, except for parathyroid and retinal epithelial cells, where diffuse cell staining was found. LRP/alpha 2MR was widely distributed in interstitial cells, notably in fibroblasts and macrophages, and was also present in a selected group of epithelial or specialized cells, including hepatocytes, adrenal cortical cells, follicular cells of the ovary, cells of the choroid plexus, ciliary body, mesangial cells, and some neurons. In certain cells, notably hepatocytes and adrenal cortical cells, LRP/alpha 2MR was detected mainly on the surface, but in others, including macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and ciliary body, staining throughout the cell was seen. The only cells that clearly expressed both LRP/alpha 2MR and gp330 were retinal and ciliary epithelial cells. RAP was found in intracellular vesicles in all cells that expressed gp330 or LRP/alpha 2MR. RAP was not definitely detected on the cell surface. Binding sites for RAP were found on the surface of those cells with surface gp330 or LRP, and also throughout the cytoplasm in cells with diffuse cellular LRP/alpha 2MR or gp330. Because of their different locations, we conclude that gp330 and LRP/alpha 2MR serve distinct functions in vivo, despite similarities in ligand-binding properties observed in vitro. Since RAP is found largely within cells, its major physiological function may be concerned with intracellular assembly or trafficking of the receptors to which it binds.

scholarly journals Vitreous Diagnosis in Neoplastic Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Asencio-Duran ◽  
José Luis Vallejo-Garcia ◽  
Natalia Pastora-Salvador ◽  
Agustín Fonseca-Sandomingo ◽  
Mario R. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma ◽  
Vitreoretinal Lymphoma ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Masquerade Syndromes

Vitreous body is an intraocular structure, origin of diverse pathologies, but is also the place where cells and inflammatory mediators are released coming from several pathologic processes. These inflammatory reactions can happen in any other ocular location like choroid, retina, optic nerve, or ciliary body and vitreous humor constitutes a stagnant reservoir for these resulting substances and debris. Through the recent techniques of vitreous collecting, handling, and analysis, increasingly more sophisticated and with fewer complications, cellularity and molecules in the vitreous of challenging pathologies for the ophthalmologist can now be studied. The most usefulness for vitreous diagnosis would be the masquerade syndromes, and the best exponent in this group is the primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), in which cytology and an IL-10/IL-6 ratio more than 1 is fundamental for the diagnosis.

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