Effects of volatile compounds on arthrospore germination and mycelial growth of Geotrichum candidum citrus race

Mycoscience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta ◽  
Kei Arai ◽  
Hisashi Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum Citrus Race

scholarly journals Rizobactérias no controle de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, e efeitos no desenvolvimento vegetativo de plântulas de soja

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Renata Silva Canuto de Pinho ◽  
Bruna Canabarro Pozzebon ◽  
Ketlen Raisa Rey Rodrigues ◽  
Renata Bolacel Arns ◽  
Cezario Almeida Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Root Size

Sclerotinia sclerotiorumis one of the main pathogens of soybean crop, reducing crop yield potential and causing losses of up to 37%. Because it is a soil inhabitant, its management is difficult. However, the adoption of alternative methods, such as the use of antagonists, may help reduce the pathogen inoculum. Thus, the objective of this work was to select native soybean rhizobacteria and to verify the potential of in vitroantagonism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, as well as the effect of these isolates on the germination and vegetative developmentof soybean seedlings. For this, tests of inhibition and mycelial growth rate index, production of volatile compounds, production of rhizobacterial metabolites and vegetative development of soybean seedlings were conducted.With respect to antagonism, I1, U4, M6, M8 and U13 isolates were the most effective. For the production of volatile compounds by the overlapping plate method, isolates M8, M10, M9, I1, M6 and U4 had the largest reductions in pathogen mycelial growth. For the ability of isolates to produce water-soluble metabolites in culture medium, it was found that isolates I1, M3, M6 and U13 were the most effective. For the vegetative development of soybean seedlings, except for the root length, in which the isolates M8, I14, M9, I1, M6 and M10 provided the largest increases in root size, the other variables did not show significant increases when compared with the witness.In general, isolates M8, M10, M9, I1, M6 and U4 are effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, produce volatile organic compounds that help control the pathogen, however, they do not show significant increases in the vegetative development of soybean seedlings.

Parasitic specialization of Geotrichum candidum citrus race

Mycoscience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta ◽  
Kei Arai ◽  
Hisashi Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum Citrus Race

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma species against Pigeonpea wilt pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2327-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkishan Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Shiva Kant Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Fusarium Udum

Three biocontrol agent viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. All the three biocontrol agents have the potential of parasitizing the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in T. viride (61.12% over growth in 96 hrs) than T. virens and T. harzianum. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride suppressed the mycelial growth of Fusarium udum by 43.13% and found effective when compared to Tricho-derma virens and Trichoderma harzianum. Non-volatile compounds or culture filtrate from Trichoderma virens at 15% concentration shows complete mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. The antagonist T. virens was chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum.

scholarly journals Potential of Octanol and Octanal from Heracleum sosnowskyi Fruits for the Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9334
Author(s):  
May Khaing Hpoo ◽  
Maryia Mishyna ◽  
Valery Prokhorov ◽  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Akihito Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Compound ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

The antifungal activity of volatile compounds from the fruit, leaf, rhizome and root of 109 plant species was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) race 1—the tomato wilt pathogen—by using the modified dish pack method. Eighty-eight plant samples inhibited mycelial growth, including volatiles from fruits of Heracleum sosnowskyi, which exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, showing 67% inhibition. Two volatile compounds from the fruits of H. sosnowskyi (octanol and octanal) and trans-2-hexenal as a control were tested for their antifungal activities against FOL race 1 and race 2. In terms of half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values, octanol was found to be the most inhibitory compound for both pathogenic races, with the smallest EC50 values of 8.1 and 9.3 ng/mL for race 1 and race 2, respectively. In the biofumigation experiment, the lowest disease severity of tomato plants and smallest conidial population of race 1 and race 2 were found in trans-2-hexenal and octanol treated soil, while octanal had an inhibitory effect only on race 2. Therefore, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of volatile octanol and trans-2-hexenal on the control of the mycelial growth of two races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and may have potential for the future development of novel biofumigants.

Distribution of Geotrichum candidum citrus race in citrus groves and non-citrus fields in Japan

Mycoscience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta ◽  
Kei Arai ◽  
Hisashi Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum Citrus Race

scholarly journals Propiconazole Sensitivity in Populations of Geotrichum candidum, the Cause of Sour Rot of Peach and Nectarine, in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Yaghmour ◽  
Richard M. Bostock ◽  
James E. Adaskaveg ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Sour Rot ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Diseased Fruit ◽  
Sensitive Isolate ◽  
The Mean

The sour rot pathogen of peach (Prunus persica var. persica) and nectarine (P. persica var. nectarina) fruit, Geotrichum candidum, can cause significant postharvest losses in California fruit production. Harvested peach and nectarine fruit, treated with fungicide at the packinghouse but culled after inspection because of disease and defects, were collected for further assessment and pathogen isolation. The incidence of fruit with sour rot was 3.4 ± 1.0 to 26.1 ± 2.3%. Culled fruit that had been treated with postharvest fungicides from five different orchards had a significantly higher incidence of sour rot when compared with nontreated fruit. Since August 2006, propiconazole has been used as a postharvest treatment to protect peach and nectarine fruit against sour rot. The mean effective concentration that inhibits 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) value of 57 isolates of G. candidum to propiconazole collected before and during 2006 was 0.072 μg/ml. However, 61 isolates from propiconazole-treated, diseased fruit collected from 2007 to 2009 had a mean EC50 value for mycelial growth of 0.378 μg/ml, a fivefold shift in mean sensitivity. Propiconazole applied as either a protective or curative treatment significantly reduced disease severity and decay development in fruit inoculated with a propiconazole-sensitive isolate. The fungicide was significantly less effective when applied as a preventive or a curative application to fruit that were inoculated with a less-sensitive isolate of G. candidum. Under laboratory conditions, isolates of the pathogen less sensitive to propiconazole were stable over multiple transfers on fungicide-free medium. The potential for the development of G. candidum populations with reduced sensitivity to propiconazole and the increased risk of crop loss due to the practice of returning culled fruit to production orchards are discussed.

scholarly journals Novel Prosopis juliflora leaf ethanolic extract as natural antimicrobial agent against food spoiling microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Saleh ◽  
Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Health And Environmental Effects ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Global Increase

AbstractFresh produces spoilage is a worldwide concern that accompany the global increase in food demand. Adverse human health and environmental effects of commercial spoilage control agents are major public concern. In this study, Prosopis juliflora leaves and fruit extracts had their antimicrobial activities evaluated against the growth of selected bacteria and yeast, and against mycelial growth and conidial germination of selected mycotoxins-producing fungi. P. juliflora water-soluble leaf ethanolic (PJ-WS-LE) extract with its novel extraction method showed the strongest antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial tests showed total inhibition of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MICs ranging between 0.125 and 1 mg/ml. Percent inhibition of mycelial growth (PIMG) of the extract was also determined against seven other fungal strains with highest value against Geotrichum candidum (66.2%). Even the least affected fungal strain showed alterations in their hyphae and spores exposed to PJ-WS-LE extract when observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), alterations include exfoliated flakes, pores, vacuolation and applanation. Small-scale fruit bioassays controlled experiment showed high efficacy of the extract in protecting inoculated cherry tomato samples from B. cinerea and A. alternata infections. In conclusion, PJ-WS-LE extract is a feasible, natural antifungal agent that can replace common anti-spoiling chemicals.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Plants Growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile with Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Araceli Vidal ◽  
Rodolfo Parada ◽  
Leonora Mendoza ◽  
Milena Cotoras
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
The World

Botrytis cinerea is an important phytopathogenic fungus affecting the fruit production around the world. This fungus is controlled mainly by using synthetic fungicides, but many resistant isolates have been selected by the indiscriminate use of fungicides. Endophytic fungi or secondary metabolites obtained from them become an alternative method of control for this fungus. The aim of this work was to identify endophytic fungi with antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus B. cinerea isolated from plants from Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. Three endophytic fungi (Ac1, Lc1 and Ec1) with antifungal activity against B. cinerea were isolated from native and endemic plants growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. The isolates Lc1 (isolated from Lithraea caustica) and Ac1 (isolated from Acacia caven) were identified as Alternaria spp. and the isolate Ec1 (isolated from Echinopsis chiloensis) was identified as Aureobasidium spp. The isolated endophytic fungi would inhibit B. cinerea through the secretion of diffusible and volatile compounds affecting the mycelial growth, conidia germination and interestingly, it was also shown that the volatile compounds produced by the three isolated endophytic fungi suppressed the sporulation of B. cinerea.

scholarly journals In vitro control of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium italicum by antagonistic yeasts

2020 ◽  
pp. 2411-2418
Author(s):  
Renata Mori Thomé ◽  
Luiz Vitor Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Control Plate

Gray mold in grapes (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold in citrus (caused by Penicillium italicum) are post-harvest diseases that cause major losses in these crops. The control of these diseases is based on the use of synthetic chemical fungicides. The increase in regulatory policies and demand to reduce the application of pesticides, due to harmful effects on the environment and humans, have led to the search for more ecofriendly alternatives, such as biological control agents. Thus, the present work aims to verify the antagonistic potential of four yeast strains, Pichia caribbica (CCMA 0759), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (CCMA 0760), Pichia manshurica (CCMA 0762), and Lachancea thermotolerans (CCMA 0763), against of B cinerea and P. italicum. To assess the antagonism of volatile compounds, Petri plates with two divisions containing potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) were used by placing a fungal mycelial disc and yeast suspension (3.0 × 106 cells mL-1) on opposite sides of the plate. The colony diameter and mycelial growth rate index of the fungi were evaluated via comparisons with the control plate without yeast. For the evaluation of the antagonism of diffusible substances in the medium, yeasts were striated 3 cm from the center of the plates containing PDA. After 48 h, a mycelial disc of each phytopathogen was placed in the center of the plates. The colony growth, inhibition halo, and mycelial growth rate index were evaluated via comparisons with the control plate. All yeast strains showed an antagonistic effect on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea in both tests. In the volatile compounds test, H. opuntiae, L. thermotolerans, P. caribbica, and P. manshurica inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 82%, 75%, 72%, and 50%, respectively. In the antagonism test of the diffusible substances in the medium, P. caribbica and P. manshurica inhibited mycelial growth by 58% and 33%, respectively. However, these yeast strains did not show an antagonistic effect against P. italicum. Thus, all isolates demonstrated potential to be tested as biocontrol agents of gray mold in post-harvest grape fruits.

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