scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Plants Growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile with Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Araceli Vidal ◽  
Rodolfo Parada ◽  
Leonora Mendoza ◽  
Milena Cotoras
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
The World

Botrytis cinerea is an important phytopathogenic fungus affecting the fruit production around the world. This fungus is controlled mainly by using synthetic fungicides, but many resistant isolates have been selected by the indiscriminate use of fungicides. Endophytic fungi or secondary metabolites obtained from them become an alternative method of control for this fungus. The aim of this work was to identify endophytic fungi with antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus B. cinerea isolated from plants from Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. Three endophytic fungi (Ac1, Lc1 and Ec1) with antifungal activity against B. cinerea were isolated from native and endemic plants growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. The isolates Lc1 (isolated from Lithraea caustica) and Ac1 (isolated from Acacia caven) were identified as Alternaria spp. and the isolate Ec1 (isolated from Echinopsis chiloensis) was identified as Aureobasidium spp. The isolated endophytic fungi would inhibit B. cinerea through the secretion of diffusible and volatile compounds affecting the mycelial growth, conidia germination and interestingly, it was also shown that the volatile compounds produced by the three isolated endophytic fungi suppressed the sporulation of B. cinerea.

Volatile Components From the Roots of Acacia pulchella R.br. And Their Effect on Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
FB Whitfield ◽  
SR Shea ◽  
KJ Gillen ◽  
KJ Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Root Volatiles

A steam-volatile extractive of the roots of Acacia pulchella has been shown to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi. The extractive restricted mycelial growth, suppressed sporangial production and germination and reduced zoospore germination of the fungus when grown axenically. Examination by gas chromatography of the headspace vapours of whole roots indicated the presence of 270 organic components. Of these, 78 components were identified and an additional 56 tentatively identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major volatile compounds identified were 2- and 3-methylbutanol, hexanol, pentanal, 2- and 3-methylbutanal, 4- methylacetophenone and carbon disulfide. The antifungal activity of the root volatiles and the resistance of A . Pulchella to invasion by P. cinnamomi are discussed.

Comparative analysis of Botrytis cinerea in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidi Cui ◽  
Leiming He ◽  
Yunhe Zhao ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

Benzothiazole is a microbial volatile compound with strong antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, but its mode of action against fungi remains largely unknown. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity could aid the design and synthesis of new similar compounds against pathogenic fungi. Based on the results of morphological and antifungal activity assays, B. cinerea was exposed to 2.5 μL/L benzothiazole for 12, 24 and 48 h, and an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis showed that 378 out of 5,110 identified proteins were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The majority of these DEPs were associated with carbohydrate metabolism, oxidation-reduction processes and energy production. Further analysis showed that benzothiazole inhibited mitochondrial membrane organization and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of B. cinerea. In addition, the key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle were downregulated after benzothiazole treatment, and a biochemical analysis indicated that the inhibition of the glyoxylate cycle by benzothiazole blocked nutrient availability and interfered with ATP generation. This study provides markers for future research of the molecular responses of B. cinerea to benzothiazole stress.

scholarly journals Potential of Octanol and Octanal from Heracleum sosnowskyi Fruits for the Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9334
Author(s):  
May Khaing Hpoo ◽  
Maryia Mishyna ◽  
Valery Prokhorov ◽  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Akihito Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Compound ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

The antifungal activity of volatile compounds from the fruit, leaf, rhizome and root of 109 plant species was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) race 1—the tomato wilt pathogen—by using the modified dish pack method. Eighty-eight plant samples inhibited mycelial growth, including volatiles from fruits of Heracleum sosnowskyi, which exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, showing 67% inhibition. Two volatile compounds from the fruits of H. sosnowskyi (octanol and octanal) and trans-2-hexenal as a control were tested for their antifungal activities against FOL race 1 and race 2. In terms of half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values, octanol was found to be the most inhibitory compound for both pathogenic races, with the smallest EC50 values of 8.1 and 9.3 ng/mL for race 1 and race 2, respectively. In the biofumigation experiment, the lowest disease severity of tomato plants and smallest conidial population of race 1 and race 2 were found in trans-2-hexenal and octanol treated soil, while octanal had an inhibitory effect only on race 2. Therefore, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of volatile octanol and trans-2-hexenal on the control of the mycelial growth of two races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and may have potential for the future development of novel biofumigants.

scholarly journals In vitro control of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium italicum by antagonistic yeasts

2020 ◽  
pp. 2411-2418
Author(s):  
Renata Mori Thomé ◽  
Luiz Vitor Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Control Plate

Gray mold in grapes (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold in citrus (caused by Penicillium italicum) are post-harvest diseases that cause major losses in these crops. The control of these diseases is based on the use of synthetic chemical fungicides. The increase in regulatory policies and demand to reduce the application of pesticides, due to harmful effects on the environment and humans, have led to the search for more ecofriendly alternatives, such as biological control agents. Thus, the present work aims to verify the antagonistic potential of four yeast strains, Pichia caribbica (CCMA 0759), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (CCMA 0760), Pichia manshurica (CCMA 0762), and Lachancea thermotolerans (CCMA 0763), against of B cinerea and P. italicum. To assess the antagonism of volatile compounds, Petri plates with two divisions containing potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) were used by placing a fungal mycelial disc and yeast suspension (3.0 × 106 cells mL-1) on opposite sides of the plate. The colony diameter and mycelial growth rate index of the fungi were evaluated via comparisons with the control plate without yeast. For the evaluation of the antagonism of diffusible substances in the medium, yeasts were striated 3 cm from the center of the plates containing PDA. After 48 h, a mycelial disc of each phytopathogen was placed in the center of the plates. The colony growth, inhibition halo, and mycelial growth rate index were evaluated via comparisons with the control plate. All yeast strains showed an antagonistic effect on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea in both tests. In the volatile compounds test, H. opuntiae, L. thermotolerans, P. caribbica, and P. manshurica inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 82%, 75%, 72%, and 50%, respectively. In the antagonism test of the diffusible substances in the medium, P. caribbica and P. manshurica inhibited mycelial growth by 58% and 33%, respectively. However, these yeast strains did not show an antagonistic effect against P. italicum. Thus, all isolates demonstrated potential to be tested as biocontrol agents of gray mold in post-harvest grape fruits.

Influences of Culture Media, Temperature and Light/Dark Conditions on Growth and Antifungal Activity of Streptomyces spp. Against Botrytis cinerea, in vitro and on Tomato Leaf

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawai Boukaew ◽  
Siriporn Yossan ◽  
Benjamas Cheirsilp ◽  
Wanida Petlamul ◽  
Poonsuk Prasertsan
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Dark Conditions

Abstract The influences of culture media, temperature, and light/dark conditions on growth and antifungal activity of the three strains Streptomyces spp. against Botrytis cinerea was studied. Results of in vitro study indicated that the GYM agar and incubated at 28°C exhibited good mycelial growth and a spore mass production of the three strains of Streptomyces spp. On the other hand, the PDA and incubation at 21°C were suitable for the mycelial growth of B. cinerea . Moreover, light/dark conditions had an effect on the growth of the two strains of S. philanthi . The strains RL-1-178 and RM-1-138 of S. philanthi grown in all media and incubation temperatures tested possessed antifungal activity against B. cinerea (100% inhibition) while S. mycarofaciens showed different results on PDA (83% inhibition) and GYM (88% inhibition) with the optimum incubation temperature at 21°C. Then, the antifungal compounds in culture filtrates produced by the three antagonistic strains against B. cinerea were tested on tomato leaf. They showed a significantly higher inhibitory effect on the symptoms of blight disease on tomato leaf compared with the control. The better protection efficacy against B. cinerea on tomato leaf was observed with the culture filtrates of S. philanthi RM-1-138 (82.89% and 0.33 cm 2 lesion areas symptoms). Moreover, the antifungal compounds in the culture filtrate of S. philanthi RM-1-138, identified by GC-MS, were greatly altered relative to concentration components under different temperatures and light/dark conditions tested. Our results clearly demonstrated that the environmental factors have an influence on antifungal activity of the three strains of Streptomyces spp.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Fungitoxic Activity against Botrytis cinerea and Phytotoxicity of Alkoxyclovanols and Alkoxyisocaryolanols

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Adriana de Almeida Pinto Bracarense ◽  
Jociani Ascari ◽  
Giovanni Gontijo de Souza ◽  
Thays Silva Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Ruano-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Model Crop

Clovane and isocaryolane derivatives have been proven to show several levels of activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Both classes of sesquiterpenes are reminiscent of biosynthetic intermediates of botrydial, a virulence factor of B. cinerea. Further development of both classes of antifungal agent requires exploration of the structure–activity relationships for the antifungal effects on B. cinerea and phytotoxic effects on a model crop. In this paper, we report on the preparation of a series of alkoxy-clovane and -isocaryolane derivatives, some of them described here for the first time (2b, 2d, 2f–2h, and 4c–4e); the evaluation of their antifungal properties against B. cinerea, and their phytotoxic activites on the germination of seeds and the growth of radicles and shoots of Lactuca sativa (lettuce). Both classes of compound show a correlation of antifungal activity with the nature of side chains, with the best activity against B. cinerea for 2d, 2h, 4c and 4d. In general terms, while 2-alkoxyclovan-9-ols (2a–2e) exert a general phytotoxic effect, this is not the case for 2-arylalkoxyclovan-9-ols (2f–2i) and 8-alkoxyisocaryolan-9-ols (4a–4d), where stimulating effects would make them suitable candidates for application to plants.

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies of Antifungal Activity of Colloidal Silver against Important Plants Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana VENAT ◽  
Beatrice IACOMI ◽  
Adrian G. PETICILĂ
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Colloidal Silver

Colloids and especially silver are increasingly used in a variety of worldwide applications because of their potential antimicrobial activity and their plasmotic and conductivity properties. This research reports the fungitoxic properties of colloidal silver on mycelial growth of important plant pathogens: Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Although variable responses towards each compound were observed within the species the results revealed a clear reaction to limiting mycelium growth relative to various concentration of Colloidal silver (CS). Results were expressed as effective concentrations which inhibit mycelial growth by 50% and 90% respectively (EC50 and EC90). Efficiency of colloidal silver on mycelial growth inhibition of different isolates based on EC50 have the following values: 3.69 ppm for Alternaria brassicicola, 7.32 ppm for Botrytis cinerea, 18.21 ppm for Aspergillus flavus, 10.43 ppm for Aspergillus niger, 11.99 ppm for Fusarium culmorum, 12.27 ppm for Fusarium oxysporum, 10.82 ppm for Penicillium digitatum and 6.34 ppm for Sclerotinia. According to the obtained results the antifungal activity of colloidal silver particles as biocide has potential for using it as a non-aggressive treatment in horticulture and sustainable horticulture.

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