Influence of soil fumigation and source of strawberry plants on population densities of spores and infective propagules of endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. -C. McGraw ◽  
James W. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Population Densities

Concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in maize colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
A. Elmi ◽  
C. Costa ◽  
B. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Little attention has been paid to the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the uptake of nutrients that move mainly by mass flow. The objective of this study was to assess the possible contribution of indigenous AM fungi to the K, Ca and Mg nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by soil P levels and its impact on plant dry mass. The field experiment had a split plot design with four replicates. Treatments included soil fumigation status (fumigation and non-fumigation) and three levels of P fertilization (0, 60 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a loamy sand soil in 1997 and a fine sandy loam soil in 1998. Soil fumigati on with Basamid® was used to suppress indigenous AM fungi. Plants were sampled at four different growth stages (6-leaf stage, 10-leaf stage, tasseling and silking). Soil fumigation decreased shoot dry weight, but P fertilization increased shoot dry weight at most sampling times. When no P fertilizer was added, fumigation in the loamy sand soil reduced shoot K and Ca concentrations while, in contrast, in the fine sandy loam soil only Mg concentration was reduced by soil fumigation. The concentration of K in maize shoots was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with extraradicular hyphal length in both soils. The correlation between the abundance of extraradicular hyphae and the concentrations of Ca and Mg in maize shoots was significant only for soils where available Ca or Mg was relatively low. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could increase corn biomass production and K, Ca and Mg uptake in soil low in these elements and low in P. These results indicate that the contribution of mycorrhizae to maize K, Ca and Mg nutrition can be significant in a field situation and that the extent of this contribution depends on the availability of these nutrients and of P in soils. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil fumigation, extraradicular hyphae, uptake of K, Ca, and Mg, soil P levels, maize

Relationship of mycorrhizal activity to time following reclamation of surface mine land in western Kentucky. I. Propagule and spore population densities

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann B. Gould ◽  
James W. Hendrix ◽  
Richard S. Ferriss
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Surface Mine ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Spore Population ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Western Kentucky

The relationships between estimates of mycorrhizal activity, time following reclamation, and soil edaphic factors were investigated over a period of 2.5 years during reclamation of five abandoned surface mine sites in western Kentucky. These sites were reclaimed at different times and were in varying stages of revegetation. At the seeding stage of reclamation and soon thereafter, propagule and spore population densities were low but invariably present. Roots recovered from minespoil during this period were not colonized, and colonization was not observed until a full year following reclamation. During the first 2 years following reclamation, colonization of roots, population densities of propagules and spores, and total spore volume increased rapidly. Thereafter, vegetative and mycorrhizal parameters appeared to stabilize. Each estimate of mycorrhizal activity in minespoil was highly correlated with time following reclamation and all other mycorrhizal parameters. Edaphic factors with positive relationships to mycorrhizal propagule and spore population densities included soil organic matter and calcium. Keywords: Glomales mycorrhizal fungi, reclamation, abandoned minespoil, most probable number, propagule population density.

scholarly journals Effects of preplant soil fumigation on nematode population densities, and on growth and yield of raspberry

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Population Densities

The effect of preplant soil fumigation on population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans, Xiphinema rivesi, and Meloidogyne hapla and growth of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) was investigated over a 4-year period. P. penetrans was the most abundant and probably accounted for most of the growth reduction. Soil fumigation increased raspberry fields by 98%, 59%, and 18% in the first, second, and third year of production, respectively. The incidence of crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) was not correlated with soil populations of P. penetrans or M. hapla.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Infection and Plant Growth of Highbush Blueberry in Fumigated Soil Following Soil Amendment and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qiang Yang ◽  
Barbara L. Goulart ◽  
K. Demchak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

A field trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of soil fumigation on maintaining nonmycorrhizal status and the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and preplant soil amendment on the growth of tissue-cultured highbush blueberry plants. Soil fumigation using a methyl bromide/chloropicrin (67/33) mixture at the rate of 560 kg·ha-1 was effective in maintaining nonmycorrhizal status for one growing season. Noninoculated control plants became infected during the second growing season. Field inoculation using a native Oidiodendron maius was successful, but plant growth was not significantly affected by mycorrhizal inoculation in either year. Rotted sawdust amendment, however, reduced plant growth in the first year but effects were no longer measurable in the second year. Soil fumigation and field inoculation could be used to establish mycorrhizal plants and nonmycorrhizal controls for future short-term field experiments.

Vertical distribution of endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi associated with soybean, as affected by soil fumigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-Q. An ◽  
J.H. Grove ◽  
J.W. Hendrix ◽  
D.E. Hershman ◽  
G.T. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Fumigation

Heavy metal binding by mycorrhizal fungi

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Galli ◽  
Hannes Schuepp ◽  
Christian Brunold
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Heavy Metal Binding

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

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