THE EFFECT OF Ca ON TRIALLATE ACTIVITY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKERCHER ◽  
W. R. McGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Pot Experiments

Applications of Ca to soil in both growth chamber and field experiments increased triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)-diisopropylthiocarbamate] activity. Ca appears to affect the distribution of triallate between the colloid and soil solution causing a shift of triallate toward the solution phase. These effects are measurable in pot experiments at Ca additions of about 1 meq/100 g soil or at field applications of 2.5 tonnes per hectare (1 ton per acre) of Ca(OH)2.

scholarly journals Assessment of metribuzin effects on potatoes using a method of very rapid fluorescence induction

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
I. Remešová
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Stable Conditions

Effects of increasing doses of the herbicidal preparation Sencor 70 WP (metribuzin a.i.) on selected potato varieties were studied in a&nbsp;field and pot experiments using very rapid fluorescence induction (vrFI). Tuber yield, and in pot experiments a&nbsp;tuber number and characteristics of the aboveground biomass were assessed. The curve of rapid induction goes through the O-J-I-P phases. The parameters Fo, Fv/Fp and rFj were measured. Based on changes in the vrFI parameters in comparison with controls, varieties were ranked according to sensitivity to metribuzin in field experiments. Keřkovsk&eacute; rohl&iacute;čky and Ukama were the most sensitive varieties and Impala the least sensitive variety. In pot experiments in the growth chamber, significant decrease in tuber weight vs controls was found in sensitive varieties Keřkovsk&eacute; rohl&iacute;čky (in 1998, 0.75 kg.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> Sencor 70 WP decreased tuber weight by 28% and 1.5 kg.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> by 89%) and Ukama (in 1997, at 1.5 kg.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> by 35%). Under stable conditions in the growth chamber, there were lower differences in the rFj parameter in these varieties in comparison with controls than in resistant ones. Based on this finding it can be assumed that the sensitivity of varieties can be determined according to rFj changes under stable ambient conditions.

High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

scholarly journals Association mapping for chilling tolerance in elite flint and dent maize inbred lines evaluated in growth chamber and field experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER STRIGENS ◽  
NICLAS M. FREITAG ◽  
XAVIER GILBERT ◽  
CHRISTOPH GRIEDER ◽  
CHRISTIAN RIEDELSHEIMER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Dicamba Volatility

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Behrens ◽  
W. E. Lueschen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Blotter Paper ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Factors influencing dicamba drift, especially vapor drift, were examined in field and growth chamber studies. In field experiments, potted soybeans[Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. exposed to vapors arising from corn (Zea maysL.) foliarly treated with the sodium (Na), dimethylamine (DMA), diethanolamine (DEOA), orN-tallow-N,N1,N1-trimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane (TA) salts of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), developed dicamba injury symptoms. Dicamba volatilization from treated corn was detected with soybeans for 3 days after the application. Dicamba vapors caused symptoms on soybeans placed up to 60m downwind of the treated corn. When vapor and/or spray drift caused soybean terminal bud kill, yields were reduced. In growth chamber studies, dicamba volatility effects on soybeans could be reduced by lowering the temperature or increasing the relative humidity. Rainfall of 1mm or more on treated corn ended dicamba volatilization. The dicamba volatilization was greater from corn and soybean leaves than from velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) leaves and blotter paper. The volatilization of dicamba formulations varied in growth chamber comparisons with the acid being most volatile and the inorganic salts being the least volatile. However, under field conditions, use of less volatile formulations did not eliminate dicamba symptoms on soybeans. The volatile component of the commercial DMA salt of dicamba was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as free dicamba acid.

Root and Foliar Absorption of Atrazine Applied Postemergence to Broadleaf Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Root Absorption

Results from both growth chamber and field experiments indicate that root absorption of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) applied postemergence to small broadleaf weeds is not a requisite for their control. Though broadleaf weeds absorb toxic quantities of atrazine from wet soil, they can be killed by foliar absorption alone because all of their meristems are exposed to a foliar spray. They are particularly sensitive when foliar penetration is enhanced by high relative humidity and wet foliage.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Bipolaris sorokiniana on Tall Fescue by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain C3

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhang ◽  
G. Y. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Colloidal Chitin ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain C3 was evaluated for control of leaf spot on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. In growth chamber experiments, C3 inhibited conidial germination on leaf surfaces and reduced lesion frequency and percent diseased leaf area compared with nontreated controls. The amount of leaf spot suppression was related to the C3 dose applied. The highest dose tested, 109 CFU/ml, prevented nearly all B. sorokiniana conidia from germinating on treated leaf surfaces and provided nearly complete suppression of lesion development. When colloidal chitin was added to C3 cell suspensions of 107 or 108 CFU/ml, biocontrol efficacy was significantly increased over C3 applied alone, whereas addition of chitin to a C3 cell suspension of 109 CFU/ml had no effect. In field experiments, application of C3 to tall fescue turf resulted in significant reductions in infection frequency and disease severity compared with nontreated controls. Strain C3 applied at 109 CFU/ml was more effective than C3 applied at 107 CFU/ml, and amendment of the lower dose with colloidal chitin enhanced its efficacy. Populations sizes of C3 established on foliage in a growth chamber and in the field were directly related to dose applied. Chitin amendments did not affect C3 population size.

Environment influences sugarbeet tolerance to S-metolachlor

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Lueck ◽  
Thomas J. Peters ◽  
Alexa L. Lystad
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight

AbstractHerbicides used in sugarbeet are commonly adapted from other row crops and may cause injury and yield loss often associated with environmental and edaphic factors. Glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in sugarbeet requires a PRE herbicide, such as S-metolachlor, for its control. The objectives of this research were to evaluate sugarbeet tolerance to PRE S-metolachlor, including air temperature and soil water content interactions with soil series in field and growth chamber experiments. Results from field experiments conducted in 12 environments in 2015, 2016, and 2017 indicated 2.16 or 4.32 kg ai ha−1S-metolachlor applied PRE reduced sugarbeet density and stature but did not reduce root yield, sucrose content, or recoverable sucrose compared with the untreated control in environments with soils with less than 3.5% organic matter (OM) and receiving greater than 40-mm cumulative rainfall within 14 d after planting. In the growth chamber, sugarbeet density and shoot fresh weight following S-metolachlor application was influenced by soil moisture content, air temperature, and soil series but not by S-metolachlor rate. Sugarbeet density and shoot fresh weight were reduced 15% and 106%, respectively, when S-metolachlor was applied to a Glyndon sandy loam (2.6% OM, 9.5% clay) at 100% field capacity (FC) and 14 C compared with S-metolachlor application to a Fargo silty clay (7.7% OM and 54% clay) at 100% FC and 21 C. It is concluded that field selection, rather than herbicide rate, is an important criterion for managing sugarbeet tolerance with S-metolachlor.

scholarly journals Bremia lactucae Infection Efficiency in Lettuce is Modulated by Temperature and Leaf Wetness Duration Under Quebec Field Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Fall ◽  
H. Van der Heyden ◽  
C. Beaulieu ◽  
O. Carisse
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Infection Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Wetness Duration

More than 80% of Canadian lettuce production is located in the province of Quebec. Yet most of our knowledge on the epidemiology of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) is derived from controlled-condition experiments or field experiments conducted in subtropical climates and, thus, cannot readily be applied to Quebec lettuce production. The influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on the infection efficiency (IE) of B. lactucae was studied for 4 years (2003, 2004, 2012, and 2013) under field and growth-chamber conditions. IE was defined as the ratio of the number of lesions/leaf to the airborne conidia concentration (ACC). B. lactucae ACC was measured with rotating-arm samplers three times/week. In addition, 72 lettuce trap plants/sampling day were exposed to the potential airborne B. lactucae inoculum and disease intensity was assessed after 7 days of incubation in greenhouse. Under growth-chamber conditions, an ACC of 1 conidium/m3 was sufficient to cause 1 lesion/leaf, and IE ranged from 0.25 to 1.00. Under field conditions, an ACC of 10 to 14 conidia/m3 was required to cause 1 lesion/leaf, and IE ranged from 0.02 to 0.10, except in 2004, when IE ranged from 0.03 to 1.00. IE increased with increasing leaf wetness duration but decreased with increasing temperature. Also, considering an observed average temperature range from 10 to 20°C in the area of Quebec, 2 h of leaf wetness was sufficient for infection by B. lactucae. Therefore, under Quebec lettuce production conditions, a leaf wetness period of 2 h and an ACC of 10 to 14 conidia/m3 can be used as risk indicators to facilitate disease management decisions. Also, under typical Quebec weather conditions, measuring both morning and evening leaf wetness events could be used to improve the reliability of leaf wetness duration as a downy mildew risk indicator. Further research is needed to validate these risk indicators for integration into management strategies.

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