Electrophoretic fractionation of chloroplast fragments in a pH gradient

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Gross ◽  
M. J. Becker ◽  
A. M. Shefner
Keyword(s):  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Electrophoretic Fractionation

scholarly journals Protein/peptide purification by three-well OFFGEL electrophoresis with immobilized ultra narrow pH gradient gels

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3995-4002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Tobolkina ◽  
Fernando Cortés-Salazar ◽  
Liang Qiao ◽  
Hubert H. Girault
Keyword(s):  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Peptide Mixture ◽  
Peptide Purification ◽  
Offgel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Fractionation

A protein/peptide mixture (P) for electrophoretic fractionation.

Improving Topical Skin Delivery of Monocrotaline Via Liposome Gel-based Nanosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 940-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Yu ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Yan-zhi Yin ◽  
Chaoyuan Tang ◽  
Enying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Method ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Skin Delivery ◽  
Skin Retention

Background: In this study, a liposomal gel based on a pH-gradient method was used to increase the skin-layer retention of monocrotaline (MCT) for topical administration. Methods: Using the Box-Behnken design, different formulations were designed to form liposome suspensions with optimal encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and stability factor (KE). In order to keep MCT in liposomes and accumulate in skin slowly and selectively, MCT liposome suspensions were engineered into gels. Results: A pH-gradient method was used to prepare liposome suspensions. The optimal formulation of liposome suspensions (encapsulation efficiency: 83.10 ± 0.21%) was as follows: MCT 12 mg, soybean phosphatidyl choline (sbPC) 200 mg, cholesterol (CH) 41 mg, vitamin E (VE) 5 mg, and citric acid buffer solution (CBS) 4.0 10 mL (pH 7.0). The final formulation of liposomal gels consisted of 32 mL liposome suspensions, 4.76 mL deionized water, 0.40 g Carbopol-940, 1.6 g glycerol, 0.04 g methylparaben, and a suitable amount of triethanolamine for pH value adjustment. The results of in vitro drug release showed that MCT in liposomal gels could be released in 12 h constantly in physiological saline as a Ritger-Peppas model. Compared with plain MCT in gel form, liposomal MCT in gel had higher skin retention in vitro. Conclusion: In this study, liposomal gels were formed for greater skin retention of MCT. It is potentially beneficial for reducing toxicities of MCT by topical administration with liposomal gel.

scholarly journals Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Malene Risager Lykke ◽  
Naja Becher ◽  
Thor Haahr ◽  
Ebbe Boedtkjer ◽  
Jørgen Skov Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Genital

Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute to decreased fertility and increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, we aimed to measure pH in different compartments of the female genital tract in both nonpregnant and pregnant women, stratifying into a normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota. Material and methods: In this descriptive study, we included 6 nonpregnant, 12 early-pregnant, and 8 term-pregnant women. A pH gradient was recorded with a flexible pH probe. An abnormal vaginal microbiota was diagnosed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for Atopobium vaginae; Sneathia sanguinegens; Leptotrichia amnionii; bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1, 2, 3, and TM7; and Prevotella spp. among others. Results: In all participants we found the pH gradient in the lower reproductive canal to be most acidic in the lower vagina and most alkaline in the upper uterine cavity. Women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota had an increased pH in the lower vagina compared to the other groups. Conclusions: There is a pronounced pH gradient within the female genital tract. This gradient is not disrupted in women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota.

Selection of pH-related parameters in ion-exchange chromatography using pH-gradient operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 1194 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tangir Ahamed ◽  
Sreekanth Chilamkurthi ◽  
Beckley K. Nfor ◽  
Peter D.E.M. Verhaert ◽  
Gijs W.K. van Dedem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Selection Of

Acid/Salt/pH Gradient Improved Resolution and Sensitivity in Proteomics Study Using 2D SCX-RP LC–MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3470-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Zhi Zhu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Yi-Tong Wang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Ming-Quan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Acid Salt ◽  
Proteomics Study
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