Regulators of ethylene biosynthesis or activity as a tool for reducing susceptibility of host plant tissues to infection by Botrytis cinerea

1993 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Elad
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Tissues

Dynamics of fungal pathogens in host plant tissues

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehito Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Plant Tissues

To develop efficient control measures against fungal plant pathogens, the dynamics of host plant colonization during disease development and the interactions among fungi within host plant tissues need to be clarified. These studies require accurate quantitative estimation of specific fungal biomass in plant tissues. This has been approached by direct-microscopic methods, cultural methods, chemical determinations of fungal components, serological methods, and molecular methods. Among these methods, serological and molecular methods provide rapid, specific, and sensitive quantitative measures of fungal biomass in host plant tissues. Therefore, studies on fungal dynamics of host plant colonization using these two methods are presented. Some examples of species interactions among pathogenic fungi within host plants, such as synergism and competition, are reviewed and the usefulness of serological and molecular methods for studies on these interactions is presented. These quantitative methods will provide helpful information for understanding the ecology of plant pathogenic fungi, such as the dynamics of host plant colonization and species interactions. Key words: quantitative methods, fungal biomass, ELISA, PCR, fungal colonization, species interaction.

Accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and an insect gall of lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bagatto ◽  
J. D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Insect Gall

The accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and galls of Hemadas nubilipennis on lowbush blueberry near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, was investigated. Concentrations of these metals in the root, stem, and leaf tissue decline logarithmically with increasing distance from the Sudbury smelter. The pattern of accumulation for copper and nickel in the various tissues was root > stem > leaf > berry; however, metal differences in these tissues were not as great in plants farther from the smelter. The root tissue is the primary site of accumulation of these metals when environmental levels of copper and nickel are high. The highest concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the galls, indicating that gall tissues act as a strong physiological sink for micronutrients and redirect nutrients from the host plant. Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium, copper, nickel, gall, Sudbury.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana: A model host plant to study plant-pathogen interaction using Chilean field isolates of Botrytis cinerea

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN GONZÁLEZ ◽  
FRANCISCA REYES ◽  
CARLOS SALAS ◽  
MARGARITA SANTIAG ◽  
YAEL CODRIANSKY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction

Ecosystem engineering and manipulation of host plant tissues by the insect borer Oncideres albomarginata chamela

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Calderón-Cortés ◽  
Claudia A. Uribe-Mú ◽  
A. Karen Martínez-Méndez ◽  
Luis H. Escalera-Vázquez ◽  
E. Jacob Cristobal-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Ecosystem Engineering ◽  
Plant Tissues

scholarly journals Responses of the Host Plant Tissues to Gall Induction in <i>Aspidosperma spruceanum</i> Müell. Arg. (Apocynaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 823-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anete Teixeira Formiga ◽  
Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Gall Induction

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterization of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens Bacteroids Reveals a Post-Symbiotic, Hemibiotrophic-Like Lifestyle of the Bacteria within Senescing Soybean Nodules

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoung Franck ◽  
Kent Strodtman ◽  
Jing Qiu ◽  
David Emerich
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Nodule Senescence ◽  
Transcriptional Variation

The transcriptional activity of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficens isolated from soybean nodules was monitored over the period from symbiosis to late plant nodule senescence. The bacteria retained a near constant level of RNA throughout this period, and the variation in genes demonstrating increased, decreased, and/or patterned transcriptional activity indicates that the bacteria are responding to the changing environment within the nodule as the plant cells progress from an organized cellular structure to an unorganized state of internal decay. The transcriptional variation and persistence of the bacteria suggest that the bacteria are adapting to their environment and acting similar to hemibiotrophs, which survive both as saprophytes on live plant tissues and then as necrophytes on decaying plant tissues. The host plant restrictions of symbiosis make B. diazoefficiens a highly specialized, restricted hemibiotroph.

scholarly journals Gall-Colonizing Ants and Their Role as Plant Defenders: From ‘Bad Job’ to ‘Useful Service’

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannetti ◽  
Castracani ◽  
Spotti ◽  
Mori ◽  
Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Indirect Defence ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Species Specific

Galls are neoformed structures on host plant tissues caused by the attack of insects or other organisms. They support different communities of specialized parasitic insects (the gall inducers), and can also provide refuge to other insects, such as moths, beetles and ants, referred to as secondary occupants. This study focuses on galls induced by the oak gall wasp Andricus quercustozae and secondarily colonized by ants in a mixed oak forest. A field survey and two experiments were carried out to a) study ant (species-specific) preferences for different features of the galls, b) describe differences in gall architecture due to ant activity, c) analyse the effects of the presence of gall-dwelling ants on plant health. The results show that there are differences between ant species in gall colonization and in the alteration of gall opening and inner structure. We verified that gall-dwelling ants protect their host plants efficiently, offering them an indirect defence mechanism against enemies (predators and pathogens). The data suggest a new paradigm in ant–plant relationships mediated by the presence of galls on the plants whose ecological and evolutionary implications are discussed.

Effects of postharvest methyl jasmonate treatments against Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. X. Eyre ◽  
J. Faragher ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
P. R. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

Cut Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer) flowers are often infected with Botrytis cinerea. Release of infection from quiescence can cause ethylene production by invaded host tissues and result in flower abscission. Postharvest floral organ abscission is a major problem for the commercial waxflower industry. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) occurs naturally in plant tissue and has a signalling role in eliciting induced systemic resistance against disease. MeJA treatments have been shown to suppress B. cinerea infecting cut rose flowers. The present experiments investigated the potential of exogenous MeJA treatments for B. cinerea management on harvested waxflower. MeJA treatments of 10 and 100 µL liquid MeJA/L of air applied to cv. Purple Pride and 1 µL MeJA/L to cv. Mullering Brook gave reductions in disease severity for uninoculated stems. However, concentrations of 100 µL MeJA/L applied to Purple Pride in addition to 1 and 10 µL MeJA/L applied to Mullering Brook increased the incidence of floral organ fall. Flower abscission upon treatment with MeJA may be due to induced systemic resistance-associated upregulation of ethylene biosynthesis. MeJA treatments had no direct effect on B. cinerea hyphal elongation in vitro. Collectively, these results show that while MeJA treatment may elicit defence in waxflower against Botrytis, the chemical also causes floral organ fall. Thus, exogenous MeJA treatments do not have potential for B. cinerea management on harvested waxflower.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of the Host Plant Influences Production and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea Secondary Inoculum

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ali Abro ◽  
François Lecompte ◽  
Florian Bryone ◽  
Philippe C. Nicot
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Very High

The influence of nitrogen (N) nutrition on a plant's susceptibility to Botrytis spp. and other pathogens is well documented. However, little is known of possible effects on sporulation of the pathogen on diseased tissue and on the pathogenicity of resulting secondary inoculum. To address this question, sporulation by two strains of Botrytis cinerea was quantified on tomato plants produced under different N irrigation regimes with inputs of NO3– at 0.5 to 45 mmol liter–1 (mM). Sporulation decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing N fertilization up to NO3– at 15 to 30 mM. The secondary inoculum was collected and used to inoculate pruning wounds on tomato plants produced under a standard fertilization regime. Pathogenicity of the spores was significantly influenced by the nutritional status of their production substrate. Disease severity was highest with spores produced on plants with very low or very high N fertilization (NO3– at 0.5 or 30 mM). It was lowest for inoculum from plants with moderate levels of N fertilization. These results suggest that it may be possible to find an optimum level of N fertilization to reduce the production of secondary inoculum and its pathogenicity to tomato.

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