scholarly journals Responses of the Host Plant Tissues to Gall Induction in <i>Aspidosperma spruceanum</i> Müell. Arg. (Apocynaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 823-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anete Teixeira Formiga ◽  
Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Gall Induction

Dynamics of fungal pathogens in host plant tissues

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehito Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Plant Tissues

To develop efficient control measures against fungal plant pathogens, the dynamics of host plant colonization during disease development and the interactions among fungi within host plant tissues need to be clarified. These studies require accurate quantitative estimation of specific fungal biomass in plant tissues. This has been approached by direct-microscopic methods, cultural methods, chemical determinations of fungal components, serological methods, and molecular methods. Among these methods, serological and molecular methods provide rapid, specific, and sensitive quantitative measures of fungal biomass in host plant tissues. Therefore, studies on fungal dynamics of host plant colonization using these two methods are presented. Some examples of species interactions among pathogenic fungi within host plants, such as synergism and competition, are reviewed and the usefulness of serological and molecular methods for studies on these interactions is presented. These quantitative methods will provide helpful information for understanding the ecology of plant pathogenic fungi, such as the dynamics of host plant colonization and species interactions. Key words: quantitative methods, fungal biomass, ELISA, PCR, fungal colonization, species interaction.

Accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and an insect gall of lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bagatto ◽  
J. D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Insect Gall

The accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and galls of Hemadas nubilipennis on lowbush blueberry near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, was investigated. Concentrations of these metals in the root, stem, and leaf tissue decline logarithmically with increasing distance from the Sudbury smelter. The pattern of accumulation for copper and nickel in the various tissues was root > stem > leaf > berry; however, metal differences in these tissues were not as great in plants farther from the smelter. The root tissue is the primary site of accumulation of these metals when environmental levels of copper and nickel are high. The highest concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the galls, indicating that gall tissues act as a strong physiological sink for micronutrients and redirect nutrients from the host plant. Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium, copper, nickel, gall, Sudbury.

Ecosystem engineering and manipulation of host plant tissues by the insect borer Oncideres albomarginata chamela

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Calderón-Cortés ◽  
Claudia A. Uribe-Mú ◽  
A. Karen Martínez-Méndez ◽  
Luis H. Escalera-Vázquez ◽  
E. Jacob Cristobal-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Ecosystem Engineering ◽  
Plant Tissues

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterization of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens Bacteroids Reveals a Post-Symbiotic, Hemibiotrophic-Like Lifestyle of the Bacteria within Senescing Soybean Nodules

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoung Franck ◽  
Kent Strodtman ◽  
Jing Qiu ◽  
David Emerich
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Nodule Senescence ◽  
Transcriptional Variation

The transcriptional activity of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficens isolated from soybean nodules was monitored over the period from symbiosis to late plant nodule senescence. The bacteria retained a near constant level of RNA throughout this period, and the variation in genes demonstrating increased, decreased, and/or patterned transcriptional activity indicates that the bacteria are responding to the changing environment within the nodule as the plant cells progress from an organized cellular structure to an unorganized state of internal decay. The transcriptional variation and persistence of the bacteria suggest that the bacteria are adapting to their environment and acting similar to hemibiotrophs, which survive both as saprophytes on live plant tissues and then as necrophytes on decaying plant tissues. The host plant restrictions of symbiosis make B. diazoefficiens a highly specialized, restricted hemibiotroph.

scholarly journals Gall-Colonizing Ants and Their Role as Plant Defenders: From ‘Bad Job’ to ‘Useful Service’

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannetti ◽  
Castracani ◽  
Spotti ◽  
Mori ◽  
Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Indirect Defence ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Species Specific

Galls are neoformed structures on host plant tissues caused by the attack of insects or other organisms. They support different communities of specialized parasitic insects (the gall inducers), and can also provide refuge to other insects, such as moths, beetles and ants, referred to as secondary occupants. This study focuses on galls induced by the oak gall wasp Andricus quercustozae and secondarily colonized by ants in a mixed oak forest. A field survey and two experiments were carried out to a) study ant (species-specific) preferences for different features of the galls, b) describe differences in gall architecture due to ant activity, c) analyse the effects of the presence of gall-dwelling ants on plant health. The results show that there are differences between ant species in gall colonization and in the alteration of gall opening and inner structure. We verified that gall-dwelling ants protect their host plants efficiently, offering them an indirect defence mechanism against enemies (predators and pathogens). The data suggest a new paradigm in ant–plant relationships mediated by the presence of galls on the plants whose ecological and evolutionary implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Gall-Inducing Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Evolution and Host–Plant Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery A. Korneyev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gall Induction

The molecular-based phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Tephritinae, the subfamily that contains almost all the cecidogenous species of the family Tephritidae, has reassigned several tribes and groups of genera and modified their concepts based on morphology alone to other tribes and, thus, changed the hypothetical scenarios of evolution of fly/host–plant relations and, in particular, the gall induction in different phylogenetic lineages. Gall induction is shown to arise independently within the Myopitini (in two lineages), Cecidocharini, Tomoplagia group of genera, Eurostini, Eutreta, Tephritis group of genera, Platensinini, Campiglossa group of genera, and Sphenella group of genera independently and more or less synchronously due to the shift to host plants with smaller flower heads and sensitive to larval feeding causing tissue proliferation. This was possibly a result of temporary aridization of the grassy biomes in the Nearctic and Afrotropic regions in the late Miocene or early Pliocene.

Neozygites fresenii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Neozygites Fresenii ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Aphid Populations

Abstract A description is provided for Neozygites fresenii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) especially species of the genus Aphis. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widespread, including Europe, N. & S. America, Asia, Africa, Polynesia. DISEASE: Capilloconidia adhere to the aphid by the sticky apical droplet. A germ tube is produced which forms an appressorium on the insect cuticle and a tube from the appressorium then penetrates it. Aphids killed by N. fresenii characteristically hang from the stems and the underside of leaves of the host plant by the proboscis inserted in the plant tissues. Aphis fabae killed by this species are orange in colour when dry and grey in moist conditions as the fungus begins to sporulate. This fungus is most frequently associated with dense populations of aphids in warm seasons and is unusual in attacking aphid populations in the tropics.

scholarly journals Gall induction may benefit host plant: a case of a gall wasp and eucalyptus tree

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rocha ◽  
M. Branco ◽  
L. V. Boas ◽  
M. H. Almeida ◽  
A. Protasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Gall Induction
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