Differential relationship of vitamin A and E levels in methylnitrosourea-induced Sprague-Dawley rats following prolonged feeding of fatty diets enriched with the vitamins

1990 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-474
Author(s):  
M. Aksoy ◽  
M. R. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Differential Relationship ◽  
Prolonged Feeding

Defect in the Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Water Associated With Potassium Depletion in Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Hollander ◽  
Robert W. Winters ◽  
T. Franklin Williams ◽  
John Bradley ◽  
Jean Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
K Depletion

The effect of graded degrees of K depletion on the ability to produce a concentrated urine was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. With increasing degrees of K depletion, as measured by the concentration of K in fat-free skeletal muscle, there was a progrossive decrease in the maximum urinary concentration. This defect of the renal concentrating mechanism appeared to be better correlated with the degree than with the duration of potassium depletion and could be demonstrated either by the use of exogenous vasopressin or by water deprivation. The potassium-deficient rats in at least one experiment developed a significant polydipsia. The data do not allow any conclusions with respect to the relationship of the polydipsia to the renal concentrating defect except that the latter at least was not severe at the onset of the increased water intake.

Effects of Longevinex (modified resveratrol) on cardioprotection and its mechanisms of action

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu Mukherjee ◽  
Diptarka Ray ◽  
Istvan Lekli ◽  
Istvan Bak ◽  
Arpad Tosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Prolonged Feeding ◽  
Survival Signals

Although resveratrol has been proven to possess diverse health benefits, several recent reports have demonstrated conflicting results on some aspects of its effects, including its anti-aging properties. Considerable debate appears to exist on the dose and bioavailability of resveratrol, leading to the controversies on its effectiveness. To resolve the problem, we designed a study with a resveratrol formulation that contained resveratrol supplemented with 5% quercetin and 5% rice bran phytate (commercially known as Longevinex). These ingredients were micronized to increase the bioavailability. Sprague–Dawley rats were gavaged with either Longevinex or vehicle (5% quercetin plus 5% rice bran phytate), and rats were sacrificed after 1 or 3 months, when isolated working hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Longevinex-treated hearts, irrespective of the duration of treatments, revealed superior cardiac performance, reduced infarct size, and induction of survival signals as evidenced by increased Bcl2/Bax ratio and enhanced Akt phosphorylation. In contrast, LC3-II and Beclin were enhanced significantly after 3 months of Longevinex treatment, suggesting that autophagy occurred only after feeding Longevinex to rats for a prolonged period of time. Corroborating with the results of autophagy, Sirt1 and Sirt3 increased significantly only after 3 months of Longevinex treatment, suggesting that enhanced expression of Sirts correlated with induction of autophagy. In concert, Longevinex caused phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of FoxO1, FoxO3a, and FoxO4, indicating involvement of FoxOs with autophagy. Since Sirts and FoxOs are reliable markers of longevity, the results appear to suggest that Longevinex induces longevity after prolonged feeding via induction of autophagy, while it converts death signals into survival signals and provides cardioprotection within a relatively shorter period of time.

“ED50” values for TCDD-induced effects on vitamin A in hartley guinea pigs, Sprague-Dawley rats, C57B1/6 mice and golden Syrian hamsters

Chemosphere ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1153
Author(s):  
A. Hanberg ◽  
H. Håkansson ◽  
L. Johansson ◽  
E. Manzoor ◽  
U.G. Ahlborg
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals The Pharmacodynamic-Toxicodynamic Relationship of AUC and CMAX in Vancomycin Induced Kidney Injury in an Animal Model

2020 ◽  
pp. AAC.01945-20
Author(s):  
Sean N. Avedissian ◽  
Gwendolyn Pais ◽  
Jiajun Liu ◽  
J. Nicholas O’Donnell ◽  
Thomas P. Lodise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
P Values ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Relationship Of

Vancomycin induces exposure-related acute kidney injury. However, the pharmacokinetic-toxicodynamic (PK-TD) relationship remains unclear. Sprague-Dawley rats received IV vancomycin doses of 300mg/kg/day and 400mg/kg/day, divided once, twice, thrice or 4xdaily (i.e., QD, BID, TID or QID) over 24-hours. Up to 8-samples were drawn during the 24-hour dosing period. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected and assayed for kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Vancomycin was quantified via LC-MS/MS. Following terminal sampling, nephrectomy and histopathologic analyses were conducted. PK analyses were conducted using Pmetrics. PK exposures (i.e. AUC0-24h, CMAX0-24h,) were calculated for each rat, and PK-TD relationships were discerned. A total of 53-rats generated PK-TD data. A 2-compartment model fit the data well (Bayesian observed vs. predicted concentrations, R2=0.96). KIM-1 values were greater in QD and BID groups (P-values: QD vs TID:<0.002, QD vs QID:<0.004, BID vs TID:<0.002, and BID vs QID:<0.004). Exposure–response relationships were observed between KIM-1 vs CMAX0-24h and AUC0–24h (R2 =  0.7 and 0.68). Corrected Akaike’s information criterion showed CMAX0-24h as most predictive PK-TD driver for vancomycin-induced kidney injury (VIKI) (-5.28 versus -1.95).While PK-TD indices are often inter-correlated, maximal concentrations and fewer doses (for the same total daily amount) resulted in increased VIKI in our rat model.

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin a Supplementation Modulates Adipose Tissue Development in Offspring of Rats Consuming a High-Fat Diet (FS06-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Hang Kwan ◽  
Katelyn Senkus ◽  
Kristi Crowe-White ◽  
Libo Tan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development

Abstract Objectives Vitamin A (VA) is a key regulator of obesity development and associated metabolic complications in adults. The aim of this study is to assess the impacts of VA supplementation during suckling and post-weaning periods on the adipose tissue (AT) development in rats reared by mothers consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Four Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on their 2nd day of gestation. After 3 days of acclimation, they were randomized to either a normal-fat diet (NFD = 25% fat) with adequate VA at 2.6 mg/kg (n = 2) or a HFD (50% fat) with the same amount of VA (n = 2). Upon delivery, pups were transferred to achieve a same number of n = 11/litter. Two mother rats, one from each group, were switched to a NFD and a HFD both with supplemented VA at 129 mg/kg (NFD + VA and HFD + VA), respectively. The other two remained on their diets with adequate VA through lactation (NFD and HFD). At postnatal day 14 (P14) and P25, 4 pups/litter were euthanized with body weight (BW), visceral white AT (WAT) mass, and brown AT (BAT) mass recorded. Serum samples from P25 necropsy were analyzed for glucose, lipids, leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory biomarkers. At P25, the rest weanling pups (n = 3/group) were fed the diets as their respective mothers until they were euthanized at P35. Results At P14 and P25, the BW and WAT mass of pups in the HFD group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the NFD groups. Comparatively, these measures were significantly reduced in the HFD + VA group as compared to the HFD litter. A similar pattern of change in WAT mass was observed at P35. Additionally, at P25, the BAT mass of pups was significantly reduced by the maternal HFD, but VA supplement restored the level to that in the NFD groups. Serum analysis from P25 revealed a significantly higher adiponectin level in the HFD + VA group. In contrast, VA supplement showed a trend to reduce the glucose and leptin levels that were raised by the maternal HFD consumption. Conclusions Results support a regulatory role of VA supplementation during suckling and post-weaning period in the AT development in offspring from mothers consuming a HFD as evidenced by reduced BW and WAT mass, increased BAT mass, and modulation of adipokines. Future analysis will be conducted to study the mechanisms by which VA may impact the adipogenesis, WAT browning, and AT secretory functions. Funding Sources NIH.

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