Biliary excretion of radioactivity after intravenous administration of [3H]25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in man

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia E. Ledger ◽  
Graham J. Watson ◽  
Juliet E. Compston
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biliary Excretion

Transhepatic absorption and biliary excretion of insulin

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1982-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Zingg ◽  
Aron M. Rappaport ◽  
Bernard S. Leibel
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Liver Surface

The application of insulin to the liver in rats is followed by an increase of the insulin concentration in the bile. The pathway of insulin from the liver surface to the bile may include a secretory process by the hepatic cells, or it may bypass the hepatic cells, using direct anatomical pathways from blood and lymph to bile. The concentration of insulin in arterial and venous blood, in lymph, and in bile was measured following application of insulin to the liver surface and following peritoneal or intravenous administration. The results confirm that insulin is absorbed from the surface of the liver, but the glucose modulating effect was less effective than after intravenous administration. The insulin concentration in bile was increased after insulin administration by all routes, with the highest and most prolonged increases found after intraperitoneal administration. The results suggest that following transhepatic and intravenous administration, insulin reaches the bile without passing through the liver cells.

Preparation and Scintigraphic Evaluation of Carbon-11-Labeled 2-N-Phenethylaminoalkanenitriles

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Winstead ◽  
E.J. Podlesny ◽  
H.S. Winchell
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Aqueous Dmso ◽  
Mev Protons

11C-labeled HCN was collected in water containing carrier NaCN following bombardment of 99% N2%1%H2 with 22 MeV protons. Nine 11C-labeled 2-N-phenethylaminoalkanenitrile hydrochlorides were prepared by reacting the respective aldehyde-sodium bisulfite addition adduct with phenethylamine and Na11CN containing carrier cyanide at 10–40°C for 20–25 min with subseqent extraction with ether, drying, and addition of hydrogen chloride. Similarly, “C-labeled 2-N-benzylaminobutanenitrile hydrochloride was prepared from benzylamine. Total synthesis time was 51–66 min and 6–35 mCi of product was obtained. The 11C compounds dissolved in 1–7 ml of water, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or aqueous DMSO were administered intravenously to dogs, and in-vivo distribution was serially imaged scintigraphically. Following intravenous administration, 11C activity rapidly accumulated in highly perfused organs such as brain followed by rapid wash-out and redistribution of a homogeneous level of activty through most of the tissues of the body. Such a distribution is consistent with the hypothesis that these agents rapidly pass across cell membranes including the „blood-brain barrier” and equilibrate throughout both the extracellular and intracellular spaces. Dissociation of these aminonitriles occurred in vivo liberating H11CN which was partially expired in the breath. No significant renal or biliary excretion of activity was observed.

Effect of dietary D-penicillamine on metabolism of copper in the rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen CA ◽  
RV Randall ◽  
NP Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Plasma Copper

When normal rats were put on a diet containing d-penicillamine equivalent to a dosage of about 1.75 g/day in a 70-kg man, there was a prompt, marked decrease in biliary excretion of copper and of radiocopper after its intravenous administration. Urinary copper increased as tissue copper levels decreased; this decrease was most pronounced in bone marrow, kidney, lung, and spleen. Plasma copper increased and p-phenylendiamine oxidase activity increased. Fecal copper decreased modestly, which was probably attributable to decreases in food intake and biliary copper. Copper-toxic rats, already hypercupriuric, excreted more urinary copper when given d-penicillamine.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219), a new quinolone, in rats, dogs, and monkeys.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Teng ◽  
D Girard ◽  
T D Gootz ◽  
G Foulds ◽  
T E Liston
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Unchanged Drug ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Volumes Of Distribution

The pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin [CP-99,219; 7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)-naphthyridone] were studied in rats, dogs, and monkeys following oral and intravenous administration. After intravenous dosing, the systemic clearances of trovafloxacin in rats, dogs, and monkeys were 12.5, 11.1, and 7.2 ml/min/kg of body weight, respectively, and the respective volumes of distribution were 0.9, 1.7, and 4.3 liters/kg, with corresponding elimination half-lives of 0.7, 1.8, and 7.0 h. After the administration of oral doses of 50, 20, and 20 mg/kg to rats, dogs, and monkeys serum trovafloxacin concentrations reached a maximum at 0.6, 2.3, and 2.3 h, respectively, with respective maximum concentrations of trovafloxacin in serum of 11.5, 3.5, and 5.2 micrograms/ml; the corresponding elimination half-lives were 2.2, 2.5, and 7.5 h. The oral bioavailability of trovafloxacin was 68, 58, and 85% in rats, dogs, and monkeys, respectively. The binding of trovafloxacin to serum proteins was concentration independent, averaging 92, 75, and 66% for rats, dogs, and monkeys, respectively. Trovafloxacin penetrated well into tissues in dogs. The urinary recoveries of unchanged drug were less than 5% in dogs and monkeys, with or without incubation with alkali or Glusulase (beta-glucuronidase and sulfatase). In rats, 99.8% of the orally administered radioactivity was recovered in feces, while 20.6, 3.4, and 67.1% of the radioactive dose in bile duct-cannulated rats were recovered in feces, urine, and bile, respectively. These results suggest that the elimination of trovafloxacin from rats, and possibly from dogs and monkeys, is primarily through biliary excretion.

scholarly journals Biliary excretion of radioactivity after intravenous administration of 3H-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in man.

Gut ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1240-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Ledger ◽  
G J Watson ◽  
C C Ainley ◽  
J E Compston
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3
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