Price determination and dynamic adjustments: An inverse demand system approach to meat products in the United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kesavan ◽  
Brian Buhr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Inverse Demand

scholarly journals Demand Relationships Among Juice Beverages: A Differential Demand System Approach

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Brown ◽  
Jonq-Ying Lee ◽  
James L. Seale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
System Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Rotterdam Model ◽  
Better Than

AbstractNielsen ScanTrack data were used to study how income and prices influenced consumer juice beverage demand in the United States during the period from 1988-89 through 1991-92. Alternative differential demand models combining the features of the Rotterdam model and the almost ideal demand system (AIDS) were tested. Results indicate the CBS type demand responses describe consumer behavior better than the other specifications for this particular data set.

scholarly journals Meat Demand in South Korea: An Application of the Restricted Source-Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shida Rastegari Henneberry ◽  
Seong-huyk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Model ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Almost Ideal Demand System ◽  
The South ◽  
Meat Demand ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Meat Market

The first difference version of the restricted source-differentiated almost ideal demand system is used to estimate South Korean meat demand. The results of this study indicate that the United States has the most to gain from an increase in the size of the South Korean imported meat market in terms of its beef exports, while South Korea has the most to gain from this expansion in the pork market. Moreover, the results indicate that the United States has a competitive advantage to Australia in the South Korean beef market. Results of this study have implications for U.S. meat exports in this ever-changing policy environment.

Control of Listeria monocytogenes on Cooked Cured Ham by Formulation with a Lactate-Diacetate Blend and Surface Treatment with Lauric Arginate

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. STOPFORTH ◽  
D. VISSER ◽  
R. ZUMBRINK ◽  
L. van DIJK ◽  
E. W. BONTENBAL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Lauric Arginate ◽  
Inspection Service

Ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products have been identified as a significant source of listeriosis in humans in the United States. Meat processors in the United States are required to use one of three alternatives to control L. monocytogenes in RTE meats: (i) a postlethality inactivation treatment along with a L. monocytogenes growth inhibitor; (ii) a postlethality inactivation treatment or a growth inhibitor; or (iii) sanitation measures and intensive testing. Lauric arginate (LAE) has been proposed as an effective postlethality inactivation treatment. The present study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of a lactate-diacetate blend in the formulation combined with surface application of LAE on cooked cured ham inoculated with L. monocytogenes, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C for up to 90 days. The treatments evaluated were (i) control ham with no added antimicrobials (control); (ii) ham formulated with 1.68% potassium lactate and 0.12% sodium diacetate (PLSD); (iii) control ham with 0.07% LAE as a surface treatment (LAE); and (iv) ham formulated with PLSD and LAE surface treatment (sprayed in bag and distributed across meat surface during vacuum packing) (PLSD+LAE). Use of only LAE as a surface treatment resulted in an initial 1-log CFU/g reduction in levels of L. monocytogenes on ham; however, this reduction only delayed the growth of the pathogen to 8 log CFU/g by 12 days when compared with the control ham without added antimicrobials. Use of PLSD in the formulation of ham resulted in a complete inhibition of L. monocytogenes throughout storage. The combination of PLSD in the formulation and a surface treatment with LAE resulted in an initial 0.7-log CFU/g reduction of the pathogen on ham and complete inhibition of the pathogen at the reduced level throughout storage. Formulation of ham with a lactate-diacetate blend combined with lauric arginate as a surface treatment will allow RTE meat processors to effectively achieve alternative 1 status, as designated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, in their facilities.

scholarly journals Extraintestinal Pathogenic and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli, Including Sequence Type 131 (ST131), from Retail Chicken Breasts in the United States in 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Stephen B. Porter ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
Sarah Clock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Chicken meat products are hypothesized to be vehicles for transmitting antimicrobial-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) to consumers. To reassess this hypothesis in the current era of heightened concerns about antimicrobial use in food animals, we analyzed 175 chicken-source E. coli isolates from a 2013 Consumer Reports national survey. Isolates were screened by PCR for ExPEC-defining virulence genes. The 25 ExPEC isolates (12% of 175) and a 2:1 randomly selected set of 50 non-ExPEC isolates were assessed for their phylogenetic/clonal backgrounds and virulence genotypes for comparison with their resistance profiles and the claims on the retail packaging label (“organic,” “no antibiotics,” and “natural”). Compared with the findings for non-ExPEC isolates, the group of ExPEC isolates had a higher prevalence of phylogroup B2 isolates (44% versus 4%; P < 0.001) and a lower prevalence of phylogroup A isolates (4% versus 30%; P = 0.001), a higher prevalence of multiple individual virulence genes, higher virulence scores (median, 11 [range, 4 to 16] versus 8 [range, 1 to 14]; P = 0.001), and higher resistance scores (median, 4 [range, 0 to 8] versus 3 [range, 0 to 10]; P < 0.001). All five isolates of sequence type 131 (ST131) were ExPEC (P = 0.003), were as extensively resistant as the other isolates tested, and had higher virulence scores than the other isolates tested (median, 12 [range, 11 to 13] versus 8 [range, 1 to 16]; P = 0.005). Organic labeling predicted lower resistance scores (median, 2 [range, 0 to 3] versus 4 [range, 0 to 10]; P = 0.008) but no difference in ExPEC status or virulence scores. These findings document a persisting reservoir of extensively antimicrobial-resistant ExPEC isolates, including isolates from ST131, in retail chicken products in the United States, suggesting a potential public health threat. IMPORTANCE We found that among Escherichia coli isolates from retail chicken meat products purchased across the United States in 2013 (many of these isolates being extensively antibiotic resistant), a minority had genetic profiles suggesting an ability to cause extraintestinal infections in humans, such as urinary tract infection, implying a risk of foodborne disease. Although isolates from products labeled “organic” were less extensively antibiotic resistant than other isolates, they did not appear to be less virulent. These findings suggest that retail chicken products in the United States, even if they are labeled “organic,” pose a potential health threat to consumers because they are contaminated with extensively antibiotic-resistant and, presumably, virulent E. coli isolates.

THE DEMAND FOR LIQUID ASSETS: EVIDENCE FROM THE MINFLEX LAURENT DEMAND SYSTEM WITH CONDITIONALLY HETEROSKEDASTIC ERRORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 2941-2958
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Chang ◽  
Apostolos Serletis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Financial Econometrics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Demand Systems ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Conditional Covariance ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Monetary Assets

We investigate the demand for money and the degree of substitutability among monetary assets in the United States using the generalized Leontief and the Minflex Laurent (ML) models as suggested by Serletis and Shahmoradi (2007). In doing so, we merge the demand systems literature with the recent financial econometrics literature, relaxing the homoskedasticity assumption and instead assuming that the covariance matrix of the errors of flexible demand systems is time-varying. We also pay explicit attention to theoretical regularity, treating the curvature property as a maintained hypothesis. Our findings indicate that only the curvature constrained ML model with a Baba, Engle, Kraft, and Kroner (BEKK) specification for the conditional covariance matrix is able to generate inference consistent with theoretical regularity.

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