Dynamics of the dead wood carbon pool in northwestern Russian boreal forests

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Krankina ◽  
M. E. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
The Dead

Dead branches on living trees constitute a large part of the dead wood in managed boreal forests, but are not important for wood-dependent lichens

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Måns Svensson ◽  
Anders Dahlberg ◽  
Thomas Ranius ◽  
Göran Thor
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
The Dead

Saproxylic insect assemblages in Canadian forests: diversity, ecology, and conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Langor ◽  
H.E. James Hammond ◽  
John R. Spence ◽  
Joshua Jacobs ◽  
Tyler P. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Saproxylic Insects ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Experimental Burns

AbstractSaproxylic insect assemblages inhabiting dead wood in Canadian forests are highly diverse and variable but quite poorly understood. Adequate assessment of these assemblages poses significant challenges with respect to sampling, taxonomy, and analysis. Their assessment is nonetheless critical to attaining the broad goals of sustainable forest management because such species are disproportionately threatened elsewhere by the reductions in dead wood generally associated with commercial exploitation of northern forests. The composition of the saproxylic fauna is influenced by many factors, including tree species, degree of decay, stand age, and cause of tree death. Wildfire and forest harvesting have differential impacts on saproxylic insect assemblages and on their recovery in postdisturbance stands. Exploration of saproxylic insect responses to variable retention harvesting and experimental burns is contributing to the development of prescriptions for conserving saproxylic insects in boreal forests. Understanding of processes that determine diversity patterns and responses of saproxylic insects would benefit from increased attention to natural history. Such work should aim to provide a habitat-classification system for dead wood to better identify habitats (and associated species) at risk as a result of forest management. This tool could also be used to improve strategies to better maintain saproxylic organisms and their central nutrient-cycling functions in managed forests.

Lxxix: Conrad's Revision of “the Lighthouse” in Nostromo

PMLA ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190
Author(s):  
George W. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
The Dead ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Consummate Skill

To the student of writing and literature few inquiries are more interesting and valuable than that into an author's practices in revising his own work. To observe the various stages in the evolution of the final version, to note carefully an artist at his work of pruning the dead wood, adding fresh material, smoothing away harsh phrases, selecting just words, and letting light into obscure places—to do this is to come somewhat nearer to an understanding of what in spite of all analysis will remain essentially a mystery. Especially fascinating and instructive is the study of Conrad's revision, for here one sees a supreme artist at work. In his vigorous hewing and rebuilding there is conclusive proof of the artist's untiring industry and consummate skill. Conrad's revision of Nostromo is of particular interest, for this novel occupies a critical place in the evolution of Conrad's prose. Mr. Richard Curie has justly characterized the change that came over Conrad's prose—a change perceptible in the “Amy Foster” of Typhoon and fully marked in from Under Western Eyes onward. This evolution has smoothed away the cadence, has concentrated the manner, has toned down the style of Conrad's former exuberance. At first glance the later and the earlier Conrad appear two totally different men. The unruly splendor of the one has given way to the subtle and elastic suavity of the other … His earlier prose is sometimes uncertain, sometimes exaggerated, but his later prose has the uniform temper of absolute mastery.

scholarly journals Dead wood and mycoflora in Nature Reserve Polom, Protected Landscape Area Železné hory

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
J. Beránek ◽  
AVágner
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Wood Decomposition ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
The Dead

Activity of fungi participating in the dead wood decomposition was studied in the Velk&yacute; Polom Nature Reserve, Protected Landscape Area Železn&eacute; hory. Two game-proof fences of an area of 0.30 ha (570 m alt.) and 0.19 ha (620 m alt.) were <br />used as permanent sample plots. In both the plots, activities were monitored of wood-destroying fungi in 126.82 m<sup>3</sup> dead wood, 104.05 m<sup>3 </sup>of which were in beech. After conversion to an area, the volume amounts to 258.82 m<sup>3</sup> per ha. In the whole reserve, almost 220 species of macromycetes were recorded in the course of a mycological survey. Wood-destroying fungi are the dominant component of mycoflora representing more than 50% identified taxa of in the period under study. The proportion of mycorrhizal fungi amounted to 14%. A series of macromycetes considered to be saprophytes is bound to products of wood decomposition. Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Fomitopsis pinicola (Sowerby) P. Karst., Ustulina deusta (Fr.) Petrak, Hypoxylon fragiforme (Pers.) Kickx, Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) Atk. and the genus Armillaria were the predominant species of wood-decaying fungi. As for rare macro-fungi, it is possible to mention Ascotremella faginea (Peck) Seaver, Stropharia albocrenulata (Peck) Kreisel and Tricholomopsis decora (Fr.) Singer.

Disturbance history affects dead wood abundance in Newfoundland boreal forests

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3194-3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin T Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Almost All

Dead wood (dead standing tree (snag), woody debris (WD), buried wood, and stump) abundance was estimated in Newfoundland balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests regrown following natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Although harvesting left few snags standing, natural disturbances generated many snags. Most were still standing 2 years after natural disturbance, but almost all had fallen after 33–34 years. Snag abundance then increased in stands aged 86–109 years. Natural disturbances generated little WD 0–2 years following disturbance. Harvesting, however, immediately generated large amounts of WD. Thirty-two to forty-one years following disturbance, most harvesting slash had decomposed, but naturally disturbed sites had large amounts of WD from collapsed snags. Harvested sites contained less WD 32–72 years following disturbance than naturally disturbed sites. Amounts of WD in black spruce regrown following harvesting and fire converged 63–72 years following disturbance, despite significant initial differences in WD quantities, diameter distribution, and decay classes. Abundance of WD increased from sites regrown 32–72 years following disturbance to older sites. Precommercial thinning had a minor impact on dead wood stocks. Stumps contained minor biomass. Buried wood and WD biomass were equivalent at some sites.

scholarly journals ACCOUNT OF A RECENT SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAK IN THE LAURENTIDE PARK REGION OF QUEBEC AND MEASURES FOR REDUCING DAMAGE IN FUTURE OUTBREAKS

1964 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Apparent Reasons

Pulpwood stands in the Laurentide Park region of Quebec were subjected to defoliation by the spruce budworm between 1946 and 1958. Progress of the outbreak was traced from survey records and from radial growth data from 102 localities. The apparent reasons for the temporary reduction in population level from 1951 to 1953, and for the collapse of the infestation in 1958 are discussed. Estimates based on information provided by the various operators in the area place the total amount of merchantable softwoods destroyed at 5.4 million cords, while calculations based on radial growth studies reveal that approximately 1.8 million cords were lost through reductions in increment. About 1.6 million cords were salvaged before the dead wood was rendered unusable by sapwood rots. Measures that would reduce losses from future outbreaks are proposed and discussed.

The dead forest on Trindade Island was not monospecific, says the wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-S3
Author(s):  
Luciana Witovisk ◽  
Ruy J.V. Alves ◽  
Alessandra R. Guimarães ◽  
Nilber G. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Wood Colour ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Trindade Island ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The 1960S

The first reports of a dead forest on Trindade Island are from the 18th century. Since then, the tentative identifications of the trees with red wood included Caesalpinia, Acacia, Rapanea, Pisonia, Eugenia and Colubrina, the latter having been confirmed by three independent wood anatomists familiar with Brazilian woods. In the 1960s Johann Becker was the last to sample a live Colubrina glandulosa Perkins var. reitzii on Trindade, which was presumed to be a remnant of the extinct forest. Based on this information, along with the eradication of feral goats from the island in 2005, thousands of C. glandulosa seedlings were reintroduced to Trindade. These trees, which grew well at first, are now collectively dying, less than two decades after planting. Their wood colour is much lighter than that of the dead trees, raising doubts about the latter’s correct identification. Herein we report the first detailed descriptions of two wood types from the extinct forest of Trindade, confirming the presence of C. glandulosa and reporting the presence of Paratecoma peroba (Bignoniaceae), a novel occurrence for the island. Radiocarbon dating of a dead C. glandulosa tree confirms that it belongs to the forest which died three centuries ago. The preserved wood proves that the extinct forest was not monospecific and suggests that further sampling of the remaining dead wood may enhance the floristic knowledge of the forest which once covered most of the island with additional species.

Equilibrium analysis of carbon pools and fluxes of forest biomes in the former Soviet Union

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Kolchugina ◽  
Ted S. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon

Natural processes in ocean and terrestrial ecosystems together with human activities have caused a measurable increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2. It is predicted that an increase in the concentration of CO2 will cause the Earth's temperatures to rise and will accelerate rates of plant respiration and the decay of organic matter, disrupting the equilibrium of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Forests are an important component of the biosphere, and sequestration of carbon in boreal forests may represent one of the few realistic alternatives to ameliorate changes in atmospheric chemistry. The former Soviet Union has the greatest expanse of boreal forests in the world; however, the role of Soviet forests in the terrestrial carbon cycle is not fully understood because the carbon budget of the Soviet forest sector has not been established. In recognition of the need to determine the role of Soviet forests in the global carbon cycle, the carbon budget of forest biomes in the former Soviet Union was assessed based on an equilibrium analysis of carbon cycle pools and fluxes. Net primary productivity was used to identify the rate of carbon turnover in the forest biomes. Net primary productivity was estimated at 4360 Mt of carbon, the vegetation carbon pool was estimated at 110 255 Mt, the litter carbon pool was estimated at 17 525 Mt, and the soil carbon pool was estimated at 319 100 Mt. Net primary productivity of Soviet forest biomes exceeded industrial CO2 emissions in the former Soviet Union by a factor of four and represented approximately 7% of the global terrestrial carbon turnover. Carbon stores in the phytomass and soils of forest biomes of the former Soviet Union represented 16% of the carbon concentrated in the biomass and soils of the world's terrestrial ecosystems. All carbon pools of Soviet forest biomes represented approximately one-seventh of the world's terrestrial carbon pool.

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