Effect of intracellular polarization of horizontal cells on ganglion cell activity in the fish retina

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Fish Retina

Spatiotemporal Patterns at the Retinal Output

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Jacobs ◽  
Frank S. Werblin
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Edge Enhancement

Jacobs, Adam L. and Frank S. Werblin. Spatiotemporal patterns at the retinal output. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 447–451, 1998. Edge enhancement in the retina is thought to be mediated by classical center-surround antagonism, first encountered as the interactions between horizontal cells and cones. But in the salamander retina these interactions do little to enhance edges. Instead, a robust dynamic interaction between amacrine and bipolar cells appears to be responsible for a sharp edge enhancement. To demonstrate this we recorded extracellularly from a single ganglion cell and moved a flashed square, 300 μm on a side, over a 1.5 × 1.0 mm2 grid at 25-μm increments. Playing back all of these recordings simultaneously simulated the pattern of responses that would have been measured from an array of ganglion cells. The emerging pattern of ganglion cell activity first faithfully represented the flashed square, but after ∼60 ms the center of the representation collapsed, leaving a representation of only the edges. We inferred that the feedback synapse from amacrine to bipolar cells at γ-aminobutyric acid-C (GABAC) receptors mediated this effect: bicuculline and strychnine were ineffective in altering the response pattern, but in picrotoxin the center of the representation did not collapse. The GABAergic amacrine cells thought to mediate this effect have quite narrow spread of processes, so the existence of this edge-enhancing effect suggests a mechanism quite different from classical lateral inhibition, namely the delayed inhibition of a spatially expanding input pattern.

Physiological effects of muscarinic vs nicotinic ACh antagonists upon ganglion cell activity in the frog retina

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2061-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bonaventure ◽  
B. Jardon ◽  
N. Wioland ◽  
G. Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Frog Retina

The Retina of Asian and African Elephants: Comparison of Newborn and Adult

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Kuhrt ◽  
Andreas Bringmann ◽  
Wolfgang Härtig ◽  
Gudrun Wibbelt ◽  
Leo Peichl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Contrast Perception ◽  
First Time

Elephants are precocial mammals that are relatively mature as newborns and mobile shortly after birth. To determine whether the retina of newborn elephants is capable of supporting the mobility of elephant calves, we compared the retinal structures of 2 newborn elephants (1 African and 1 Asian) and 2 adult animals of both species by immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. For the first time, we present here a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative characterization of the cellular composition of the newborn and the adult retinas of 2 elephant species. We found that the retina of elephants is relatively mature at birth. All retinal layers were well discernible, and various retinal cell types were detected in the newborns, including Müller glial cells (expressing glutamine synthetase and cellular retinal binding protein; CRALBP), cone photoreceptors (expressing S-opsin or M/L-opsin), protein kinase Cα-expressing bipolar cells, tyrosine hydroxylase-, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-, calbindin-, and calretinin-expressing amacrine cells, and calbindin-expressing horizontal cells. The retina of newborn elephants contains discrete horizontal cells which coexpress ChAT, calbindin, and calretinin. While the overall structure of the retina is very similar between newborn and adult elephants, various parameters change after birth. The postnatal thickening of the retinal ganglion cell axons and the increase in ganglion cell soma size are explained by the increase in body size after birth, and the decreases in the densities of neuronal and glial cells are explained by the postnatal expansion of the retinal surface area. The expression of glutamine synthetase and CRALBP in the Müller cells of newborn elephants suggests that the cells are already capable of supporting the activities of photoreceptors and neurons. As a peculiarity, the elephant retina contains both normally located and displaced giant ganglion cells, with single cells reaching a diameter of more than 50 µm in adults and therefore being almost in the range of giant retinal ganglion cells found in aquatic mammals. Some of these ganglion cells are displaced into the inner nuclear layer, a unique feature of terrestrial mammals. For the first time, we describe here the occurrence of many bistratified rod bipolar cells in the elephant retina. These bistratified bipolar cells may improve nocturnal contrast perception in elephants given their arrhythmic lifestyle.

Relation between Ganglion Cell Activity and the Local Electroretinogram of Cat Retina

Nature ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 216 (5119) ◽  
pp. 1008-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY H. STEINBERG
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cat Retina

Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell Activity Is Associated with Decreased Sleep Quality in Patients with Glaucoma

Ophthalmology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina P.B. Gracitelli ◽  
Gloria Liliana Duque-Chica ◽  
Marina Roizenblatt ◽  
Ana Laura de Araújo Moura ◽  
Balazs V. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

scholarly journals Optogenetic restoration of retinal ganglion cell activity in the living primate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette E. McGregor ◽  
Tyler Godat ◽  
Kamal R. Dhakal ◽  
Keith Parkins ◽  
Jennifer M. Strazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

Down-regulation of Glutamate-induced Conductances of Retinal Horizontal Cells After Ganglion Cell Axotomy

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
RomÁn Blanco ◽  
Francisco Germain ◽  
Almudena Velasco ◽  
Pedro de la Villa
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Down Regulation
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