Effects of plumage contamination with crude oil dispersant mixtures on thermoregulation in common eiders and mallards

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bj�rn Munro Jenssen ◽  
Morten Ekker
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Common Eiders

Aerosolization of Crude Oil‐Dispersant Slicks Due to Bubble Bursting

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 5555-5578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Sampath ◽  
Nima Afshar‐Mohajer ◽  
Lakshmana D. Chandrala ◽  
Won‐Seok Heo ◽  
Joshua Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bubble Bursting ◽  
Oil Dispersant

Acute toxicity to the crab Paragrapsus quadridentatus (H. Milne Edwards), of Kuwait light crude oil, BP/AP dispersant, and an oil-dispersant mixture

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahsanullah ◽  
RRC Edwards ◽  
DG Kay ◽  
DS Negilski
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Lc50 Value

The acute toxicity to P. quadridentatus, of Kuwait light crude oil, BP/AR dispersant and an oil-dispersant mixture was determined. Observed 96-h LC50 values averaged 1555 mg 1-1 for oil added to water. A statistically valid 96-h LC50 value for the dispersant was not obtained, but results indicated that a solution containing between 1300 and 2200 mg I-1 might be expected to produce 50% mortality. A mixture of oil and dispersant in the ratio 4 : 1 gave an observed 96-h LC50 value of 96 mg 1-1, a 16-fold increase in toxicity over oil alone. The implications of the results are discussed.

A laboratory study of particulate and gaseous emissions from crude oil and crude oil-dispersant contaminated seawater due to breaking waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afshar-Mohajer ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Ana M. Rule ◽  
Joseph Katz ◽  
Kirsten Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Oil Dispersant

Bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in fiddler crabs (Uca minax) exposed to weathered MC-252 crude oil alone and in mixture with an oil dispersant

2013 ◽  
Vol 444 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy A. Chase ◽  
Donn S. Edwards ◽  
Guangqiu Qin ◽  
Mike R. Wages ◽  
Morgan M. Willming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Oil Dispersant

Toxicity of Dispersants and Dispersed Oil To An Alaskan Marine Organism

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1035-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Rhoton ◽  
Robert A. Perkins ◽  
Zachary D. Richter ◽  
Christina Behr-Andres ◽  
Jon E. Lindstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Tanner Crab ◽  
Exposure Testing ◽  
The University ◽  
Chionoecetes Bairdi

ABSTRACT The University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) conducted toxicity assays on Alaskan tanner crab larvae (Chionoecetes bairdi) using the oil dispersant Corexit 9500, Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil, and dispersed ANS crude oil. These tests were conducted in Seward, Alaska using filtered saltwater at ambient temperature (6°C) and salinity (35%c). Similar toxicity assays were conducted at UAF on the reference species Mysidopsis bahia and Menidia beryllina under standard testing conditions (25°C and 20%c salinity). The methods used for these tests were developed by the Chemical Response to Oil Spills: Ecological Research Forum (CROSERF) and involve both continuous and spiked (declining concentration) exposure testing regimes. Toxicity data, expressed as EC50, were calculated using the defined response of “Affected,” as the typical response was decreased phototatic response; death as an endpoint was not often observed. The larvae were evaluated and placed into the following categories: Alive, Affected, Mortally Affected, and Dead. Results suggest that the tanner crab larvae are generally more resistant (EC50 = 355 mg/L) than M. beryllina (LC50 = 205 mg/L) and less resistant than M. bahia (LC50 = 622 mg/L) to dispersant solutions under spiked exposure.

scholarly journals Effects of Crude Oil, Dispersant, and Oil-Dispersant Mixtures on Human Fecal Microbiota in an In Vitro Culture System

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Nam Kim ◽  
Bong-Soo Kim ◽  
Seong-Jae Kim ◽  
Carl E. Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Test System ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Dispersed Oil

ABSTRACT The Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 raised concerns that dispersant and dispersed oil, as well as crude oil itself, could contaminate shellfish and seafood habitats with hazardous residues that had potential implications for human health and the ecosystem. However, little is known about the effects of crude oil and dispersant on the human fecal microbiota. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential effects of Deepwater Horizon crude oil, Corexit 9500 dispersant, and their combination on human fecal microbial communities, using an in vitro culture test system. Fecal specimens from healthy adult volunteers were made into suspensions, which were then treated with oil, dispersant, or oil-dispersant mixtures under anaerobic conditions in an in vitro culture test system. Perturbations of the microbial community, compared to untreated control cultures, were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and pyrosequencing methods. DGGE and pyrosequencing analysis showed that oil-dispersant mixtures reduced the diversity of fecal microbiota from all individuals. Real-time PCR results indicated that the copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes in cultures treated with dispersed oil or oil alone were significantly lower than those in control incubations. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes decreased in crude oil-treated and dispersed-oil-treated cultures, while the Proteobacteria increased in cultures treated with dispersed oil. In conclusion, the human fecal microbiota was affected differently by oil and dispersed oil, and the influence of dispersed oil was significantly greater than that of either oil or dispersant alone compared to control cultures. IMPORTANCE There have been concerns whether human health is adversely affected by exposure to spilled crude oil, which contains regulated carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, we determined the effect of BP Deepwater Horizon crude oil and oil dispersant on the human intestinal microbiota, since there is the potential that low-level residues of petrochemicals could contaminate seafood. The results of this study will increase our understanding of the ecophysiological changes in the microbial communities of the human gastrointestinal tract with respect to crude oil exposure.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of crude oil by immobilized Exiguobacterium sp. AO-11 and shelf life evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatsuda Sakdapetsiri ◽  
Nitchakarn Kaokhum ◽  
Onruthai Pinyakong
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractExiguobacterium sp. AO-11 was immobilized on bio-cord at 109 CFU g−1 carrier for the removal of crude oil from marine environments. To prepare a ready-to-use bioremediation product, the shelf life of the immobilized cells was calculated. Approximately 90% of 0.25% (v/v) crude oil removal was achieved within 9 days when the starved state of immobilized cells was used. The oil removal activity of the immobilized cells was maintained in the presence of oil dispersant (89%) and at pH values of 7–9. Meanwhile, pH, oil concentration and salinity affected the oil removal efficacy. The immobilized cells could be reused for at least 5 cycles. The Arrhenius equation describing the relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature was validated as a useful model of the kinetics of retention of activity by an immobilized biocatalyst. It was estimated that the immobilized cells could be stored in a non-vacuum bag containing phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 30 °C for 39 days to retain the cells at 107 CFU g−1 carrier and more than 50% degradation activity. These results indicated the potential of using bio-cord-immobilized crude oil-degrading Exiguobacterium sp. AO-11 as a bioremediation product in a marine environment.

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