Acute toxicity to the crab Paragrapsus quadridentatus (H. Milne Edwards), of Kuwait light crude oil, BP/AP dispersant, and an oil-dispersant mixture

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahsanullah ◽  
RRC Edwards ◽  
DG Kay ◽  
DS Negilski
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Lc50 Value

The acute toxicity to P. quadridentatus, of Kuwait light crude oil, BP/AR dispersant and an oil-dispersant mixture was determined. Observed 96-h LC50 values averaged 1555 mg 1-1 for oil added to water. A statistically valid 96-h LC50 value for the dispersant was not obtained, but results indicated that a solution containing between 1300 and 2200 mg I-1 might be expected to produce 50% mortality. A mixture of oil and dispersant in the ratio 4 : 1 gave an observed 96-h LC50 value of 96 mg 1-1, a 16-fold increase in toxicity over oil alone. The implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Dispersant effectiveness on oil spills – impact of salinity

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1418-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashini Chandrasekar ◽  
George A. Sorial ◽  
James W. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Refined Oil ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Dispersant Effectiveness ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Abstract When a dispersant is applied to an oil slick, its effectiveness in dispersing the spilled oil depends on factors such as oil properties, wave-mixing energy, temperature, and salinity of the water. Estuaries represent water with varying salinity, so in this study, three salinity values in the range 10–34 psu were investigated, representing potential salinity concentrations found in typical estuaries. Three oils were chosen to represent light refined oil, light crude oil, and medium crude oil. Each was tested at three weathering levels to represent maximum, medium, and zero weathering. Two dispersants were chosen for evaluation. A modified trypsinizing flask termed a baffled flask was used to conduct the experimental runs. A full factorial experiment was conducted for each oil. The interactions between the effects of salinity and three environmental factors, temperature, oil weathering, and mixing energy, on dispersion effectiveness were investigated. Each experiment was replicated four times in order to evaluate the accuracy of the test. Statistical analyses of the experimental data were performed for each of the three oils independently for each dispersant treatment (two dispersants and oil controls). A linear regression model representing the main factors (salinity, temperature, oil weathering, flask speed) and second-order interactions among the factors was fitted to the experimental data. Salinity played an important role in determining the significance of temperature and mixing energy on dispersant effectiveness for almost all the oil–dispersant combinations. The impact of salinity at different weathering was only significant for light crude oil with dispersant A.

Catalytic Cracking of Light Crude Oil: Effect of Feed Mixing with Liquid Hydrocarbon Fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 12677-12684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhafiz Usman ◽  
Abdullah Aitani ◽  
Sulaiman Al-Khattaf
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Light Crude Oil

scholarly journals The Rheology of Light Crude Oil and Water-In-Oil-Emulsion

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajnor Suriya Taju Ariffin ◽  
Effah Yahya ◽  
Hazlina Husin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion
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