Mercury accumulation in and growth rate of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri, stocked in an eastern oregon reservoir

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Phillips ◽  
Donald R. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Mercury Accumulation

Differences in Swimming Performance Among Strains of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Thomas ◽  
Michael J. Donahoo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Performance Profiles

Swimming performance profiles, relating fish size to swimming time, were established for three strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). No differences were found in slope of regressions; only in level at each size of fish. Swimming performances of New Zealand and Sand Creek strains did not differ, but were superior to the Manchester strain. In stamina results from 189-day-old fish from individual matings of seven strains and various crosses, similar strains and crosses had closely matching profiles whereas profiles of unrelated groups were variable. Comparison of slowest, average, and fastest growing fish within the New Zealand strain showed that swimming ability was not related to growth rate.

Effect of Growth Rate and Size of Fish on Rate of Intoxication by Waterfoorne Lead

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
D. George Dixon ◽  
Douglas J. Spry ◽  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
John B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout

Three experiments were undertaken to test the null hypotheses that increasing fish size and growth rate do not increase the rate of intoxication of fish by lead. The first experiment demonstrated that there were no significant correlations between weight of fish and either whole-body or blood lead concentrations in feral lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The whole-body lead concentration of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) was, however, negatively correlated to wet weight.During the second experiment, an 8-d laboratory exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 100 μg/L of total waterborne lead caused a greater uptake of lead by opercular bone in small fish than in larger fish. No relationship was apparent between fish weight and uptake of lead by blood.Chronic exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to lead results in the development of black tails, a symptom of neurotoxicity. The final experiment related the incidence and prevalence of black tails to size and growth rate (ration level) of juvenile rainbow trout chronically exposed to 543 μg/L of total waterborne lead starting with the sac-fry stage. At weights below a common threshold size of 1.5–2.5 g, no black tails occurred; above this threshold the incidence of black tails was a function of growth rate, i.e. the rate at which fish reached the threshold size. The prevalence of black tails was always less in slowly growing fish.These experiments demonstrated that the rate of intoxication by lead, as indicated by uptake rates into tissues and the incidence and prevalence of a symptom of neurotoxicity, did not increase with fish size, but rather with growth rate.Key words: fish, toxicity, lead, fish size, growth rate, neurotoxicity, uptake

Ecophysiology and Mercury Accumulation of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) When Exposed to Mercury in Various Concentrations of Chloride

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Z. Walczak ◽  
U. Theodore Hammer ◽  
P. Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Mercury Accumulation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Plasma Sodium Level ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) mortality was 100% when exposed to HgCl2 (2–10 μg∙Hg2+∙L−1) for 14 d in a natural low chloride medium. There was no mortality if the medium contained 100, 200, or 400 mg Cl−∙L−1 or more. Accumulation of mercury was highest in kidneys (0.65–13 μg∙g−1), spleen (0.31–4.2), gills (0.46–4.15), and liver (0.53–2.1) but accumulations differed for periods of exposure (14 or 42 d) and chloride concentration in the medium (100 or 200 mg Cl−∙L−1). In rainbow trout exposed to HgCl2 for 42 d, there were significant increases in plasma sodium level at 200 mg Cl−∙L−1 and significant decreases in plasma potassium, albumin, α1-globulin, and β-globulin levels in 100 mg Cl−∙L−1. No significant changes occurred in these parameters at other chloride concentrations or in erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell counts, or chloride plasma levels. Although chloride concentrations in the media affect mercury accumulation by different organs as well as affecting physiological functions, there appears to be no direct relationship except for reduced mortality.

Effects of Constant Temperatures and Diel Temperature Fluctuations on Specific Growth and Mortality Rates and Yield of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson ◽  
Charles F. Kleiner ◽  
Todd W. Thorslund
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Specific Mortality

Specific growth and mortality rates of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined for 50 days at seven constant temperatures between 8 and 22 °C and six diel temperature fluctuations (sine curve of amplitude ±3.8 deg C about mean temperatures from 12 to 22 °C). For constant temperature treatments the maximum specific growth rate of trout fed excess rations was 5.12%/day at 17.2 °C. An average specific mortality rate of 0.35%/day was observed at the optimum temperature and lower. At temperatures in excess of the growth optimum, mortality rates were significantly higher during the first 20 days of this experiment than the last 30 days. The highest constant temperature at which specific growth and mortality rates became equal (initial biomass remained constant over 40 days) was 23 °C. The upper incipient lethal temperature was 25.6 °C for trout acclimated to 16 °C. A yield model was developed to describe the effects of temperature on the living biomass over time and to facilitate comparison of treatment responses. When yield was plotted against mean temperature, the curve of response to fluctuating temperatures was shifted horizontally an average 1.5 deg C towards colder temperatures than the curve of response to constant temperature treatments. This response pattern to fluctuating treatments indicates that rainbow trout do not respond to mean temperature, but they acclimate to some value between the mean and maximum daily temperatures. These data are discussed in relation to establishment of criteria for summer maximum temperatures for fish. Key words: constant temperature, fluctuating temperature, specific growth rate, specific mortality rate, yield, lethal temperature, zero net biomass, rainbow trout, thermal criteria

Growth dynamics of mosaic muscle fibres in fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to somatic growth rate

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Weatherley ◽  
H. S. Gill ◽  
S. C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Epaxial Muscle

We examined the effects of varying water temperature (5, 12, 20 °C), ration size (ad libitum, and 3–4% of dry body weight per day), and injection of bovine growth hormone, on the growth characteristics of the epaxial muscle in laboratory-reared rainbow trout. Although the experimental conditions resulted in differences in growth rate, condition factor (K = W/L3 × 102) and dry weight, we found that, below a fork length of 18–20 cm, an increase in the cross-sectional area of the epaxial muscle occurs mainly by the addition of new fibres. However, between 20 and 25 cm the increase evidently results mainly from an increase in diameter of existing fibres. The relationship between fibre diameter frequency and fork length is characterized, and the implications of this relationship in limiting growth of this species is discussed.

A Predator–Prey Interaction in Freshwater Fish

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Crossman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lake Morphometry ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus

The predator–prey interaction of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson), in Paul Lake, British Columbia, depends on such factors as distribution and movements of predator and prey, behaviour of predator and prey, lake morphometry, shoal water temperature and characteristics of the fish.In adult trout, activity associated with predation follows a stereotype pattern. Behaviour may also be responsible for the fact that trout under 10 inches in length do not utilize, as food, even small shiners to any extent, even though under laboratory conditions they will kill and eat them. The estimated annual kill of shiners by predatory trout is 150,000 and the shiner population is probably in the millions. Shiners preyed on are such that predation appears not to limit recruitment to the prey population. Shortly after their introduction to the lake shiners reduced the growth rate of small trout by competition. There is evidence that feeding on shiners now increases the growth rate of at least those trout over 14 inches whose food is as high as 98% shiners in summer.

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