Modelling and optimization of parallel reservoirs having nonlinear storage curves under critical water conditions for long-term regulation

1987 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Christensen ◽  
S. A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Water Conditions ◽  
Parallel Reservoirs ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

Gamete quality in fish: evaluation parameters and determining factors

Zygote ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván I. Valdebenito ◽  
Patricia C. Gallegos ◽  
Brian R. Effer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

SummaryThe quality of fish gametes, both male and female, are determined by several factors (age, management, feeding, chemical and physical factors, water quality, etc.) that have an impact on the survivability of embryos, larvae and/or fry in the short or long term. One of the most important factors is gamete ageing, especially for those species that are unable to spawn naturally in hatcheries. The chemical and physical factors in hatcheries and the nutrition that they provide can significantly alter harvest quality, especially from females; as a rule, males are more tolerant of stress conditions produced by inadequate feeding, management and/or poor water conditions. The stress produced on broodstock by inadequate conditions in hatcheries can produce adverse effects on gamete quality, survival rates, and the embryonic eggs after hatching.

scholarly journals Long-term leaching behaviours of cement composites prepared by hazardous wastes

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (49) ◽  
pp. 27602-27609
Author(s):  
Zhenzhou Yang ◽  
Ji Ru ◽  
Lili Liu ◽  
Xidong Wang ◽  
Zuotai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Water Conditions

In order to evaluate the long-term environmental impact of Eco-Ordinary Portland Cement (EOPC) prepared by hazardous wastes, long-term leaching tests were conducted on the EOPC composites under deionized and saline water conditions.

scholarly journals ANALISA SISTEM SUPLAI AIR PRODUKSI DAN AIR PENDINGIN UNTUK KEHANDALAN OPERASI DI PLTU PULANG PISAU (2X66MW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Hendra Hadi Saputra ◽  
Rudi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Condition ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

This study aims to determine the water supply / discharge system of water pretreatment station equipment which is then processed for the purpose of operating a steam power plant. In the distribution process, the reliability of the equipment and the resulting discharge will be observed whether it is in accordance with the provisions for the ideal operation or not. The expected discharge is 518 m3 / h according to the water balance so that the plant can operate full load (2x66 MW). With this condition, the company is expected to benefit. In the actual conditions this ideal discharge condition is not achieved so that the impact of the plant cannot operate full load (2x66 MW). With water conditions that do not match these expectations, it is feared that the company will continue to suffer losses. In fact, this study only obtained a maximum discharge of 402.2 m3 / h. From this figure there is a difference in water debit of 115.8 m3 / h. Furthermore, this debit shortage must be overcome so that the generator can meet the maximum full load performance. For long-term steps, standby backup equipment must be provided in anticipation of the operation.

Effect of aluminium and lead on activity in the freshwater pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1623-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Truscott ◽  
C. R. McCrohan ◽  
S. E. R. Bailey ◽  
K. N. White
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Freshwater Pond ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Increased Activity

Time-lapse video was used to examine the effect of short- (19 h) and long-term (1 year) exposure to Al or Pb at neutral pH in static water conditions on the total distance moved by the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Aluminium at 100, 200, 500, or 1000 μg∙L−1 normally depressed and Pb at 50 and 200 μg∙L−1 often increased activity over the first 19 h of exposure. Smaller (younger) snails generally showed greater sensitivity to Al. Exposure to 100 or 500 μg Al∙L−1 for up to 30 days caused hyperactivity, but thereafter and 1 year later, activity was similar to controls, suggesting that the snails had become tolerant. Lead (200 μg∙L−1) caused continued hyperactivity for up to 50 days, although movement was significantly reduced after 1 year, suggesting that acclimation had occurred. The effect of Al is interesting given the supposed limited bioavailability of this metal at neutral pH.

Stopgap coagulation technology for arsenic removal from rural household drinking water

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
T. Yuan ◽  
J.Y. Hu ◽  
Q.F. Luo ◽  
J.P. Cheng ◽  
S.L. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Bleaching Powder ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
High Arsenic

This study is intended to develop a stopgap coagulation protocol for immediate health protection of residents exposed to high arsenic from drinking water. The results of a simulated manual jar-test showed that ferric sulfate can maintain a satisfactory arsenic removal efficiency (>95%), and be relatively independent of water conditions. Combining with effective sand filtration, 20, 30, 60 mg/L of ferric sulfate were suitable for removing <0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0 mg/L of As(V), respectively. With decanting (after settling for 8∼10 h), however, ferric sulfate of 60 or 70 mg/L was needed to remove <0.5 or 0.5–1.0 mg/L of As(V), respectively. The removal rates of As(III) could achieve similar levels to that of As(V) once the water samples were pre-oxidized. The javelle water was selected as site applicable oxidant for As(III), although ozone sparging, hydrogen dioxide solution and bleaching powder also showed good performances. It was noted that the stopgap coagulation protocol was readily and acceptable to be applied by the local residents. The makeshift strategy will immediately protect the health of local residents before some kinds of long term and effective ways could be applied. Experiences obtained in this study provide valuable information for other places encountering the arsenic problem in rural drinking water.

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