Effect of aluminium and lead on activity in the freshwater pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1623-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Truscott ◽  
C. R. McCrohan ◽  
S. E. R. Bailey ◽  
K. N. White
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Freshwater Pond ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Increased Activity

Time-lapse video was used to examine the effect of short- (19 h) and long-term (1 year) exposure to Al or Pb at neutral pH in static water conditions on the total distance moved by the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Aluminium at 100, 200, 500, or 1000 μg∙L−1 normally depressed and Pb at 50 and 200 μg∙L−1 often increased activity over the first 19 h of exposure. Smaller (younger) snails generally showed greater sensitivity to Al. Exposure to 100 or 500 μg Al∙L−1 for up to 30 days caused hyperactivity, but thereafter and 1 year later, activity was similar to controls, suggesting that the snails had become tolerant. Lead (200 μg∙L−1) caused continued hyperactivity for up to 50 days, although movement was significantly reduced after 1 year, suggesting that acclimation had occurred. The effect of Al is interesting given the supposed limited bioavailability of this metal at neutral pH.

Microgeographical variability in long-term memory formation in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dalesman ◽  
Simon D. Rundle ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals The Soma of RPeD1 Must Be Present for Long-Term Memory Formation of Associative Learning in Lymnaea

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Scheibenstock ◽  
Darin Krygier ◽  
Zara Haque ◽  
Naweed Syed ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Identified Neuron ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
A Site

The cellular basis of long-term memory (LTM) storage is not completely known. We have developed a preparation where we are able to specify that a single identified neuron, Right Pedal Dorsal 1 (RPeD1), is a site of LTM formation of associative learning in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. We demonstrated this by ablating the soma of the neuron but leaving behind its functional primary neurite, as evidenced by electrophysiological and behavioral analyses. The soma-less RPeD1 neurite continues to be a necessary participant in the mediation of aerial respiratory behavior, associative learning, and intermediate-term memory (ITM); however, LTM cannot be formed. However, if RPeD1's soma is ablated after LTM consolidation has occurred, LTM can still be accessed. Thus the soma of RPeD1 is a site of LTM formation.

Long-term memory of an operantly conditioned respiratory behaviour pattern in lymnaea stagnalis

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lukowiak ◽  
R Cotter ◽  
J Westly ◽  
E Ringseis ◽  
G Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Hypoxic Environment

The freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis breaths bimodally either through its skin (cutaneous respiration) or via a rudimentary lung opening called the pneumostome (aerial respiration). Aerial respiratory behaviour can be operantly conditioned. Animals placed in an aquatic, hypoxic environment received a tactile stimulus to the pneumostome area every time they attempted to breathe. Over a period of five training sessions (2.5 days), the animals learned not to breathe, and the number of stimuli received in the fifth session was significantly lower than in the first session. These changes in the respiratory behaviour following the operant paradigm were shown to persist for at least 24 h. We aimed to determine whether the changes in the learned behaviour would persist for longer. We obtained direct evidence that the behavioural changes following operant conditioning persisted for at least 4 weeks following the last training session. However, we found that the persistence of this memory was dependent upon the training procedure used. Memory persisted longer following a spaced training procedure (4 weeks) as opposed to a massed training procedure (2 weeks). Yoked control animals showed no changes in their respiratory behaviour over the same time periods. However, if these yoked control animals were subjected to an operant conditioning procedure, their ability to learn was not impeded. This study demonstrated that operant conditioning of a behaviour pattern in a molluscan preparation can result in long-term memory and that the persistence of the memory is contingent on the training procedure used. <P>

Effect of aluminum and silicic acid on the behaviour of the freshwater snailLymnaea stagnalis

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morag M Campbell ◽  
Keith N White ◽  
Ravin Jugdaohsingh ◽  
Jonathan J Powell ◽  
Catherine R McCrohan
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Aluminum Nitrate ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Behavioural Activity

A major factor influencing the toxicity of Al at neutral pH is the presence of complexing ligands. This study compared the effect of exposure to aluminum nitrate, aluminum lactate, and aluminum maltol, in the presence or absence of monomeric silica (Si), on the behaviour of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Concentrations of Al and Si used were similar to those found in the natural environment. Soluble Al concentration in the water fell significantly with time over 48 h following addition as the nitrate or lactate (500 μg·L-1), presumably owing to polymerisation as the colloidal hydroxide. This loss was enhanced by the presence of snails or Si (Al:Si = 1:15). Aluminum maltol largely remained in solution. Snails exposed to all three Al compounds showed depression of behavioural activity after 7 days; this effect was ameliorated in the presence of higher (Al:Si = 1:15) but not lower (Al:Si = 1:1) concentrations of Si. Depression of feeding behaviour occurred with all three Al compounds, although it was delayed in the presence of aluminum maltol. Expression of conditioned feeding was inhibited in snails exposed to aluminum nitrate during training and testing. The behavioural changes are likely to be mirrored in the field, with adverse consequences for the "fitness" of natural populations.

scholarly journals Involvement of Insulin-Like Peptide in Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Memory of the Pond Snail Lymnaea stagnalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Murakami ◽  
R. Okada ◽  
H. Sadamoto ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Mita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Term Memory

Effect of humic acid on water chemistry, bioavailability and toxicity of aluminium in the freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, at neutral pH

2006 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dobranskyte ◽  
R. Jugdaohsingh ◽  
C.R. McCrohan ◽  
E. Stuchlik ◽  
J.J. Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Neutral Ph

scholarly journals Storage and erasure of behavioural experiences at the single neuron level

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dyakonova ◽  
G. S. Sultanakhmetov ◽  
M. I. Mezheritskiy ◽  
D. A. Sakharov ◽  
V. E. Dyakonova
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Although predictions from the past about the future have been of major interest to current neuroscience, how past and present behavioral experience interacts at the level of a single neuron remains largely unknown. Using the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis we found that recent experience of terrestrial locomotion (exercise) results in a long-term increase in the firing rate of serotonergic pedal (PeA) neurons. Isolation from the CNS preserved the “memory” about previous motor activity in the neurons even after the animals rested for two hours in deep water after the exercise. In contrast, in the CNS, no difference in the firing rate between the control and “exercise-rested” (ER) neurons was seen. ER snails, when placed again on a surface to exercise, nevertheless showed faster locomotor arousal. The difference in the firing rate between the control and ER isolated neurons disappeared when the neurons were placed in the microenvironment of their home ganglia. It is likely that an increased content of dopamine in the CNS masks an increased excitation of PeA neurons after rest: the dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride produced sustained excitation in PeA neurons from ER snails but not in the control. Therefore, our data suggest the involvement of two mechanisms in the interplay of past and present experiences at the cellular level: intrinsic neuronal changes in the biophysical properties of the cell membrane and extrinsic modulatory environment of the ganglia.

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