Long-term optimal operation of series parallel reservoirs for critical period with specified monthly generation and average monthly storage

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Christensen ◽  
S. A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Parallel Reservoirs

Long-term versus Real-time Optimal Operation for Gate Regulation during Flood in Urban Drainage Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 750-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jafari ◽  
S. Jamshid Mousavi ◽  
Jafar Yazdi ◽  
Joong Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Time Optimal

scholarly journals Persistent, Ecotoxic and Bioaccumulative Compounds and their Possible Environmental Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ballschmiter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Major Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pollutant Transfer ◽  
Environmental Compartments

The relationship between physicochemical properties, environmental distribution and effects of organochlorine compounds as a major class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are discussed. The environmental fate of a compound includes its transport and dispersion in the environment as well as its accumulation and transformation in defined environmental compartments. Accumulation and transformation as the result of environmental distribution may have long-term consequences; this is indicated by the ultimate accumulation and long-term bioactivity of several widely spread organochlorines, and is clearly evident in the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere.Depending on the order of trophic levelsbiomagnifiaction factors of 10,000 up to 100,000 are encountered for persistentsemivolatile organochlorines such as 4,4'-DDE, PCB congeners or some Toxapheneconstituents. Mammals show intra-species pollutant transfer during thelactation period. While the mother animal is partly depleting its bodyburden, the calve accumulates in a critical period of its life via themilk a concentrated input of persistent organochlorines. A similar depletionphenomenon is also found for fish and crustacean which enrich in the eggsa substantial part of the accumulated body burden of the female.The air skimming of semivolatiles by plantsurfaces leads to surprisingly high levels of pollutants in the uppersoil layers of forests that otherwise would be considered pristine interms of human activities.

scholarly journals Long-term Monocular Deprivation during Juvenile Critical Period Disrupts Binocular Integration in Mouse Visual Thalamus

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Y.L. Huh ◽  
Karim Abdelaal ◽  
Kirstie J. Salinas ◽  
Diyue Gu ◽  
Jack Zeitoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Visual Thalamus

Neuroplasticity and Psychiatry

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Gynther ◽  
Mike B. Calford ◽  
Pankaj Sah
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Objective: There is increasing concern that the course of psychiatric disorders may be affected by parameters such as the duration and intensity of symptoms of initial episodes of illness. As this indicates that abnormal function produces long-term changes within the brain, a review of the neuroscience literature regarding neuroplasticity is warranted. Method: This article is a selective review, focusing in particular on results obtained from physiological experiments assessing plasticity within the mammalian neocortex. The possible relevance of results to psychiatry is discussed. Results: While the most dramatic examples of neuroplasticity occur during a critical period of neural development, neuroplasticity can also occur in adult neocortex. Neuroplasticity appears to be activity-dependent: synaptic pathways that are intensively used may become strengthened, and conversely, there may be depression of transmission in infrequently used pathways. Conclusions: Results from neurophysiological experiments lend support to the clinical observation that the intensity and duration of a psychiatric disorder may adversely alter its long-term course. Rapid aggressive treatment may prevent this from occurring. While pharmacotherapy may reduce the duration and severity of symptoms, it may also have an independent, as yet unknown, effect on neuroplasticity.

Development of the microbiome-gut-brain axis and its effect on behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Knickmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Community Influences ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
System 2

Humans coexist in a mutualistic relationship with the gut microbiota, a complex ecologic community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. This chapter reviews evidence from both human and animal studies that the composition of this community influences development of the host brain. Infancy represents a critical period in the establishment of the gut microbiome and early alterations in microbial colonization may have long-term effects on mental health. Several mechanisms through which the microbiota could affect brain development are discussed including 1) activation of the peripheral immune system, 2) production of neuroactive metabolites, and 3) processing of nutrients and environmental chemicals. The chapter concludes with a discussion of whether modulation of the gut microbiota represents a tractable strategy for treating or preventing complex neurodevelopmental disorders.

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