Effect of pineal peptide hormones on the functional activity of the human thyroidin vitro. Effect of pineal peptides on the accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in the thyrotoxic thyroid and its secretory activity

1993 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1412
Author(s):  
E. S. Rom-Bugoslavskaya ◽  
V. Yu. Gal'chinskaya ◽  
I. V. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
Pineal Peptides ◽  
Vitro Effect

“IN VIVO” AND “IN VITRO” EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND ACTH ON THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
J. Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Histochemical examination of adrenal glands of hypophysectomized rats given both ascorbic acid and ACTH showed an enlargement of the cortex and a decrease of sudanophilic substances, as compared to adrenals of hypophysectomized rats receiving ACTH alone. “In vitro” experiments on incubated slices of adrenal glands have shown that ascorbic acid and ACTH have a synergistic effect on the secretory activity of the cells of the adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals Induction and Regulation of Crown Dentinogenesis: Embryonic Events as a Template for Dental Tissue Repair?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Smith ◽  
H. Lesot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Odontoblast Differentiation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Dentin Matrix ◽  
New Generation

Close regulation of odontoblast differentiation and subsequent secretory activity is critical for dentinogenesis during both embryogenesis and tissue repair. Some dental papilla cells achieve commitment and specific competence, allowing them to respond to epithelially derived inductive signals during the process of odontoblast differentiation. Temporo-spatial regulation of odontoblast differentiation is dependent on matrix-mediated interactions involving the basement membrane (BM). Experimental studies have highlighted the possible roles of growth factors in these processes. Regulation of functional activity of odontoblasts allows for both ordered secretion of the primary dentin matrix and maintenance of vitality and down-regulation of secretory activity throughout secondary dentinogenesis. After injury to the mature tooth, the fate of the odontoblast can vary according to the intensity of the injury. Milder injury can result in up-regulation of functional activity leading to focal secretion of a reactionary dentin matrix, while greater injury can lead to odontoblast cell death. Induction of differentiation of a new generation of odontoblast-like cells can then lead to reparative dentinogenesis. Many similarities exist between development and repair, including matrix-mediation of the cellular processes and the apparent involvement of growth factors as signaling molecules despite the absence of epithelium during repair. While some of the molecular mediators appear to be common to these processes, the close regulation of primary dentinogenesis may be less ordered during tertiary dentinogenic responses.

scholarly journals Secretion and the Golgi apparatus in the cells of the islets of Langerhans

1927 ◽  
Vol 101 (706) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Endocrine Organs

Observations on the cells of the thyroid and of the adrenal medulla of animals placed under conditions which are known to stimulate the functional activity of these organs, have rendered it possible to correlate the functional activity of these endocrine cells with definite morphological changes, both as regards form and size of these cells, and their finer cytological structure, especially mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. Conversely, by excluding stimulating factors, it has been possible to produce a condition of rest in these endocrine organs in which the cells present a fairly uniform appearance. It is unnecessary to refer to these changes in detail, as they have been described and figured in several publications (Cramer, Cramer and Ludford). It is sufficient to make the general statement that in these two glands the functional activity of the cells manifests itself by morphological changes, which may be very considerable. In the present investigations we have attempted to apply these considerations to a study of the islets of Langerhans. So far it has not been possible to obtain experimental evidence of the factors which control the secretory activity of the islets. From the beginning we meet here with the difficulty that the cells of the islets of animals, such as the rat, mouse and cat, on which our observations were made, present very marked differences in the size and arrangement of the cells, and also in their finer cytological structure, although the animals have been kept under apparently identical conditions. That is true not only if we compare the islets of animals of the same species, but even if we compare the islets in the pancreas of one and the same individual, or even the different cells in one and the same islet.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the functional development of the male gonad

1933 ◽  
Vol 113 (782) ◽  
pp. 251-267 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Male Gonad ◽  
Testicular Growth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Parts

The recent advances in our knowledge of the function of the anterior pituitary lobe in relation to gonadic development and activity, have led to an investigation of the part played by the pituitary in controlling testicular growth and function. The understanding of the relation between the hypophysis and the gonads in the male is, in general, less advanced than for the female, in which this relation was first established. It has been recognized that any action on the testis may be exerted on two morphologically and physiologically different parts: (1) The tissue concerned with the elaboration of ripe spermatozoa, and (2) the interstitial tissue producing the internal secretion responsible for the development of some of the secondary sex organs and characters. The development in these two tissues does not always follow a parallel course, and it appeared possible that different factors were responsible for controlling their growth and functional activity. Consequently a large number of investigations have been made on the action of various extracts and substances upon the growth and secretory activity of the testis. It is not here intended to review the whole literature on this subject, but a number of the effects obtained may be briefly recapitulated:— (1) Numerous experiments have been recorded on the effect of specific hormonic factors. Following on the findings of Smith (1930), who showed that hypophysectomy resulted in atrophy of the testes and of the secondary sex organs, the action of various pituitary extracts was determined.

scholarly journals Adaptive morphogenesis of the adrenal glands of ducks in conditions of hyperthermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022014
Author(s):  
E Plakhotniuk ◽  
T Skobelskaya ◽  
V Lemeshchenko ◽  
E Kuevda ◽  
N Saenko
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization ◽  
Interrenal Cells

Abstract It was found that under conditions of hyperthermia, morphofunctional changes develop in the interrenal part of the adrenal glands, indicating an increase in the functional activity of the gland. The study of ducks on the 5th day of hyperthermia revealed loosening and thickening of the adrenal gland capsule compared to the control. Significant hemodynamic disorders were noted: the phenomena of stasis and erythrocyte sludge in sharply expanded blood capillaries of the adrenal glands. It was found that on the 10th day of hyperthermia, hemodynamic disorders are progressive: the phenomena of sludge and red blood cell stasis are less pronounced, but parenchymal edema and a sharp expansion of sinusoid capillaries persist. Changes in interrenal cells (their high prismatic shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, apical granularity) are also determined to characterize the high secretory activity of endocrinocytes. The found changes indicate the development of a stress reaction.

scholarly journals Morphology and vascularization of the corpus luteum of peccaries (Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus, 1758) throughout the estrous cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T.M. Miranda-Moura ◽  
G.B. Oliveira ◽  
G.C.X. Peixoto ◽  
J.M. Pessoa ◽  
P.C. Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Progesterone Synthesis ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

The current paper characterizes the changes in morphology and vascularization of the corpus luteum of collared peccaries during the estrous cycle and correlates progesterone synthesis (P4). Twenty females were subjected to a treatment for estrus synchronization; an ear implant containing 1.5 mg of norgestomet was implanted on D0, whereas on D9 the peccaries received an IM injection of eCG 200UI and 50g of PGF2a. The animals were divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) and euthanized on post-ovulation days 3, 12, 18 and 22. The ovaries were collected and the corpora lutea were measured and processed for histological and vascular density (Dv). Blood was collected for dosage of P4 serum. The morphology of the ovaries, the corpora lutea and P4 varied significantly during the estrous cycle (P<0.001). There was a significant co-relationship between weight and length of the ovaries and CL (r = 0.66, r = 0.52, P<0.05, respectively) and between weight, length and width of the CL and P4 (r = 0.51, r = 0.54 and r = 0.68, P<0.05, respectively). The luteal Dv was highly influenced by the estrous cycle phase (P<0.0001). The P4 and luteal Dv concentrations were higher in G2 and evidenced maximum secretory activity, with a highly significant correlation (P<0.0001). Assessed lutein parameters may estimate the phase of the estrous cycle in peccaries and the functional activity of the corpus luteum.

On the Regulatory Capabilities of Thyroid Mast Cells in Thiamazole Model of Hypothyroidism and Infrared Laser Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
I.V. Smelova ◽  
◽  
E.S. Golovneva ◽  
T.G. Kravchenko ◽  
V.I. Petukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Vascular Area ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium ◽  
Intact Rats

The regulatory effect of mast cells on the state of thyroid gland in hypothyroidism and laser therapy remains unclear. Aim: to study the secretory processes of mast cells in relationship with the indicators of functional activity of thyroid gland. Materials and methods. Experimental groups: (55 rats) 1) intact rats, 2) hypothyroidism (thiamazole 25mg/kg) 3) hypothyroidism and 0.5W laser exposure, 4) hypothyroidism and 2.0W laser exposure. Histological samples of the thyroid gland were removed on the 1, 7, and 30 days. Histological sections were stained with toluidine blue. Morphometric data analysis included descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney, Spearman correlation coefficient). Results. The increase in the granular saturation of mast cells and the average histochemical coefficient was observed in the hypothyroidism group, the degranulation index increased by day 30. After 0.5 W laser exposure, there was a decrease in the granular content in mast cells and an increase in the degranulation index; the granular saturation increased by day 30. After 2.0 W laser exposure, the content of granules in mast cells decreased on day 1, and on days 7 and 30 it was higher than in the hypothyroidism group; the degranulation index decreased by day 30. The correlation was revealed between the indicators of granule accumulation in a mast cell, the index of mast cell degranulation, the thyroid epithelium height, and relative vascular area. Conclusions. The synthesis processes prevailed over secretion for mastocytes in thiamazole hypothyroidism. 0.5 W laser exposure was more effective for stimulation of the secretory processes in mast cells compared to 2.0 W exposure. The secretory activity of mast cells was associated with the functional activity of thyroid gland, which confirms their regulatory role in tissue repair after thiamazole induced hypothyroidism modeling.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF THE NITRIC OXIDE SYSTEM IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STOMACH IN NORM AND PATHOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Oleshchuk ◽  
A. V. Chornomydz
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Nitric Oxide System

The article presents an analysis of published materials on the role of nitric oxide (NO) and its metabolites in the regulation of the stomach functional activity. The current information on the structure of nitric oxide, its formation and metabolism, meaning in the digestive system was analyzed. The analysis of published data on NO metabolism of the digestive system and stomach in particular was made. The role of nitreropic system secretory activity of thestomach and its motility. Separately there was analyzed data of current research on the role of nitric oxide and its metabolites in the pathology of the stomach and the possibility of drug correction of infringements.

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