External respiration and functional state of the respiratory center in hypoxia developing after inactivation of carbonic anhydrase

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kulik ◽  
L. N. Kondrat'eva ◽  
I. A. Tarakanov
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Respiratory Center ◽  
External Respiration

Sensitivity of respiratory center to carbon dioxide in emphysema and cor pulmonale: Effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibition

1957 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto C. Taquini ◽  
Aquiles J. Roncoroni ◽  
Pedro Aramendía ◽  
Antonio M. Ros
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Respiratory Center ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition

scholarly journals Change of indexes of breathing and circulation of blood at loading of step - rising power for young swimmers

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
N. Balamutova ◽  
E. Bloshenko ◽  
N. Boreyko
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
The Impact

The positive is well – proven numerous researches influence swimming on the health of occupying. Therefore question about affecting of employments swimming organism of young swimmers it is necessary to examine taking into account individual of anatomical and physiological features. The aim of the real research was a study of influence of physical activities of step - rising power on breathing and circulation of blood of youths 15-16, regularly visitant a section on swimming. A result of research of indexes of breathing and circulation of blood at the set loading allows describing functional possibilities of youths - swimmers. It was well - proven that the system of preparation of young swimmers was built taking into account age anatomical and physiological features of their organism, and physical activities were adequate to their physiological development. Modern living conditions are characterized by rapid development of automation of production and information technologies, which deprives a person of motor activity. Swimming is one of the most effective means of motor activity that positively influences the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory system. Numerous studies have already shown the positive effect of swimming on the health of the practitioners. It should not be forgotten that despite the significant differences in the functional state of the apparatus of external respiration and blood circulation in young swimmers and their peers - not athletes, the organism in both of them has not yet reached maturity and their age development and formation occurs in accordance with a single general biological regularities. Therefore, the question of the impact of swimming lessons on the body of young swimmers should be considered not only in terms of the impact on it of the specific features of the aquatic environment and the requirements of modern training, but also taking into account anatomical and physiological features.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the functional state of external respiration of primary school children during adaptation to different efforts

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Zayneev ◽  
N I Ziyatdinova ◽  
T L Zefirov
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
School Children ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Academic Year

Aim. To study the peculiarities of external respiratory functioning in boys of 8, 9 and 10 years in various periods of the academic year at rest, after a dosed dynamic and static loads. Methods. Examined were 38 practically healthy boys with an average level of physical development. Observation was conducted in three age groups of boys: 8, 9 and 10 years. The functional state of the respiratory system was assessed by the magnitude of lung volumes and ventilation parameters. The test with an isometric load was performed in a sitting position by squeezing a dynamometer in the left hand with a force equal to 50% of the maximal effort produced within 1 min. Results. In the 8-year-old boys noted was the tension of the functional state of the respiratory system at the beginning of the academic year. By the year of the end, the static load causes a decrease of the reserves of external respiration and static lung volumes, and an increase of the frequency component. In the 9-year-old boys at all study periods the static load leads to less favorable shifts in the respiration parameters in comparison with the dynamic load. In the 10-year-old boys at the beginning of the academic year both types of loads lead to adverse shifts of the parameters of external respiration, by the middle of the year adaptive capacities of the respiratory system become optimized. Conclusion. Local static load causes adverse shifts in the respiratory system of the primary school children, accompanied by a decrease in efficiency of the ventilation function of the lungs and by adverse reaction of the parameters of biomechanics.

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF ATTENTION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION CHANGES IN TWILIGHT DURING DRIVING URBAN STREETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
O. Prasolenko ◽  
D. Burko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Conflict Situations

The dynamic process of movement of vehicles in cities is associated with interaction with objects of the road environment. Road conditions, traffic and pedestrians require certain actions from the driver to ensure road safe-ty. Under such circumstances, the reliability and safety of road traffic in human-machine systems mainly depends on the functional state of the driver (provided that the technical component, the subsystem is “car”) and his ability to respond to changes in the traffic situation when obstacles arise (conflict situations). The development of states of tension and fatigue of the driver is associated with an increase in energy costs, which leads to a natural in-crease in the heart rate, respiration and other parameters indicating changes in the energy balance of the driver's body. Eye Tracking technology has been applied to detect attention. Energy costs were determined using a method that takes into account the frequency of the driver's external respiration when driving on the road and in the background. As a result, a model of change in the attention of drivers with driving experience and a model of en-ergy consumption when driving in the evening twilight at a certain level of illumination were obtained. To determine the influence of conflict situations during movement in the evening twilight on the indicator of attention and energy consumption of the driver, a study was carried out in real conditions on city streets. A group of drivers with experience of 3-5 years and 10-16 years performed arrivals in the evening twilight on passenger cars "C" class. Experimental studies of the indicator of drivers' attention and functional state in conditions of evening twilight were carried out on different categories of city streets. The study involved drivers between the ages of 20 and 40. The obtained dependences of the change in the driver's functional state on illumination showed that at low illumination levels in the evening twilight, a rapid increase in the driver's functional state shifts. Thus, the energy consumption of the driver while driving depends on the types of conflict situations and the level of illumination. It was found that for drivers with less than 5 years of driving experience, shifts in functional state were more im-portant than other drivers. Also, such drivers had lower attention indicators compared to experienced drivers with more than 10 years of driving experience. It was found that when the illumination changes at dusk, the energy consumption increases on average to 3.3 kcal / min for drivers with less than 5 years of experience, and for drivers with more than 10 years of experience, it increases by 2.4 kcal / min on average. Keywords: driver, conflict situations, attention, energy costs.

Silicon Substitution for Calcium in the Shell of the Fingernail Clam, Musculium Transversum Studied By X-Ray Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Richard Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
River Water ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molluscan Shell ◽  
Fingernail Clams

Fingernail clams (Muscu1ium transversum) are dominant bottom-dwelling animals in some waters of the midwest U.S. These organisms are key links in food chains leading from nutrients in water and mud to fish and ducks which are utilized by man. In the mid-1950’s, fingernail clams disappeared from a 100-mile section of the Illinois R., a tributary of the Mississippi R. Some factor(s) in the river and/or sediment currently prevent clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams developed shell deformities and died without reproducing. The greatest mortality and highest incidence of shell deformities appeared in test chambers containing the highest proportion of river water to well water. The molluscan shell consists of CaCO3, and the tissue concerned in its secretion is the mantle. The source of the carbonate is probably from metabolic CO2 and the maintenance of ionized Ca concentration in the mantle is controlled by carbonic anhydrase. The Ca is stored in extracellular concentric spherical granules(0.6-5.5μm) which represent a large amount of inertCa in the mantle. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of raw river water and well water on shell formation in the fingernail clam.

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