Normal blood indices, bone marrow imprints, and the spleen of white rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-637
Author(s):  
M. F. Sbitneva ◽  
T. V. Kalyaeva ◽  
I. A. Rudakov
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
White Rats

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Myeloproliferative Disorders in A Group of Iraqi Patients And Its Relation To Blood Indices Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 660-665
Author(s):  
Marwa Abdulnabi ◽  
Enass Abdul Kareem Dagher Al-Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Male To Female

AIM: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients and to measure the changes in patients’ blood parameters. BACKGROUND: Myeloproliferative disorders are a group of neoplasms affecting the bone marrow progenitor cells characterized by excess cells with a risk of transforming to acute leukemia. There is a gap in knowledge about the prevalence of Iraqi population. Thus, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of different types of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study is done at the National Center of Hematology from November 2019 till March 2020 on 75 patients who were diagnosed by a specialist hematopathologist to have one subtype of myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed to get complete blood count, blood film, bone marrow aspirate, and biopsy that were analyzed for each patient. Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed in terms of blood indices, which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. RESULTS: The 75 patients were found to be comprising 35 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients (46.7%), myelofibrosis 22 patients (29.3%), essential thrombocythemia (ET) 9 patients (12%), and polycythemia vera (PV) 9 patients (12%). In terms of male/female ratios, they were as follows: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) male-to-female ratio is 1.2, CML= 0.94, myelofibrosis= 2.14 and ET= 0.5 and PV male-to-female ratio is 2. CONCLUSIONS : MPN male-to-female ratio in Iraq, which is 1.2, CML is the most common subtype. Regarding myelofibrosis, in our study, the male-to-female ratio is 2.14, which is much higher other countries. This could be attributed to high exposure to benzene and toluene which are well known to be causative agents for myelofibrosis. Regarding ET or PV, the male-to-female ratios were compatible with other countries.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID ON THE TOXICITY OF ITS ANALOGUE 4-AMINOPTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID (AMINOPTERIN)

Blood ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE M. HIGGINS ◽  
MURIEL STEMBER ◽  
HARRY MONSEN
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Abstract A study of some of the toxic reactions of 4-aminofolic acid together with the modifications of these reactions induced by giving varying amounts of folic acid daily to white rats is reported. Seven groups of young male rats ranging in weight from 110 to 130 Gm. were arranged. Aminopterin (4-aminofolic acid) was given intraperitoneally, in amounts equivalent to 50 micrograms daily, to all rats of six of these seven groups. Folic acid was given by mouth to these animals in such amounts as to provide 5, 10, 20, 30 or 50 mg. daily to each animal respectively of five of the six groups receiving aminopterin. One group received the analogue without the vitamin. One group of 8 animals received neither the vitamin nor its analogue. Observations continued for six days, when all surviving animals were killed and necropsy was performed. Data were assembled on the appetite, body weights, the weights of adrenals, thymus and spleen, the distribution of leukocytes in the peripheral blood and the changes in the bone marrow. The following conclusions seem warranted: 1. Aminopterin is extremely toxic and incites within six days anorexia, extreme diarrhea with atony of the entire gastro-intestinal tract, adrenal hyperplasia, atrophy of the thymus and spleen, and an inhibition to development of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. 2. Small amounts of folic acid are essentially without effect on the toxicity of that amount of the analogue we chose to administer. 3. Larger amounts of folic acid daily (30 mg.) proved effective in essentially inhibiting the development of the severe toxic reactions for the six-day period. 4. The severe toxicity of aminopterin does not manifest itself until the third or or fourth day of its daily administration. The onset of these symptoms is thereafter extremely rapid. 5. Thirty milligrams of folic acid daily will not indefinitely counteract the toxic symptoms induced by 50 micrograms of aminopterin. In our experience, within twelve to fourteen days, the characteristic syndrome will appear in spite of the continuous administration of the vitamin.

scholarly journals Synthesis of N,N′-bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3-oxopyrazol-4-yl) sebacamide that ameliorate osteoarthritis symptoms and improve bone marrow matrix structure and cartilage alterations induced by monoiodoacetate in the rat model: “Suggested potent anti-inflammatory agent against COVID-19”

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712094577
Author(s):  
MS Refat ◽  
RZ Hamza ◽  
AMA Adam ◽  
HA Saad ◽  
AA Gobouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

To assess the chondroprotective effect and influence of N, N′-bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3-oxopyrazol-4-yl) sebacamide (dpdo) that was synthesized through the reaction of phenazone with sebacoyl chloride and screened for its biological activity especially as anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory agent in a monoiodoacetate (MA)-induced experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. Thirty male albino rats weighing “190–200 g” were divided randomly into three groups (10 each): control, MA-induced OA, and MA-induced OA + dpdo. In MA-induced OA rat, the tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factors, reactive oxygen species, as well as all the mitochondrial markers such as mitochondria membrane potential, swelling mitochondria, cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and serum oxidative/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde level and activities of myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase) are elevated. Also, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), levels of ATP, the level of glutathione (GSH), and thiol were markedly diminished in the MA-induced OA group compared to the normal control rats. These findings showed that mitochondrial function is associated with OA pathophysiological alterations and high gene expressions of (IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1b) and suggests a promising use of dpdo as potential ameliorative agents in the animal model of OA and could act as anti-inflammatory agent in case of severe infection with COVID-19. It is clearly appeared in improving the bone cortex and bone marrow in the treated group with the novel compound in histological and transmission electron microscopic sections which is a very important issue today in fighting severe infections that have significant effects on the blood indices and declining of blood corpuscles like COVID-19, in addition to declining the genotoxicity and inflammation induced by MA in male rats. The novel synthesized compound was highly effective in improving all the above mentioned parameters.

scholarly journals Phenotypic heterogeneity of TDT+ cells in the blood and bone marrow: implications for surveillance of residual leukemia [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
RG Smith ◽  
RL Kitchens
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Lineage Markers ◽  
Minimal Residual

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a useful marker for normal lymphocyte precursors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our previous studies, however, have shown that for monitoring minimal residual disease in the circulation, assay for TdT alone is not sufficiently specific to distinguish leukemia cells from the background of rare normal blood TdT+ cells. In an attempt to increase specificity for leukemic cells, we have used double and triple immunophenotypic analysis to characterize normal circulating and bone marrow TdT+ cells. Overall, normal TdT+ cells were about 1000-fold more frequent in the marrow than in the blood. More than 75% of TdT+ cells in both the blood and marrow expressed the CD34, CD22, and HLA-DR antigens. However, circulating TdT+ cells infrequently expressed CD19 (4.5%) and CD9 (2.3%), compared with their marrow counterparts (74% and 47%, respectively). The brightly staining CD10+ phenotype, frequently associated with ALL blasts, was significantly less common among normal blood (5.7%) than marrow (31%) TdT+ cells. Although T-lineage markers were rarely expressed on TdT+ cells in either site, CD7+ cells were far more prevalent within the circulating TdT+ subset (4%) than among the marrow population (less than 0.2%). The results suggest a selective release of lineage-uncommitted and/or thymus-destined TdT+ cells from the marrow into the circulation. Moreover, since CD19, CD9, and high- density CD10 are frequently found on ALL blasts, staining for these markers on TdT+ cells in the circulation should improve the specificity of assay for residual common ALL cells. Likewise, assay for CD5+ and possibly CD7+ TdT+ cells in either marrow or blood should provide a very sensitive method of detection of T-ALL blasts.

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF Fe59 BY BLOOD CELLS FROM NORMAL BIRDS AND BIRDS WITH ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2057-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bather ◽  
Stella Dzuibalo ◽  
C. le Q. Darcel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Heme Synthesis ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

The cellular elements of blood obtained from birds with virus-induced erythroblastosis rapidly incorporated radioactivity when incubated in vitro with Fe59Cl3. This effect was not seen until primitive red cells entered the circulating blood. Little of the iron that was incorporated reached heme. Instead most of it was retained by a heat-resistant component which was precipitable with 35% ammonium sulphate and had properties suggestive of a ferritin-like substance. Plasma from leukemic blood had a slight promoting effect on incorporation of Fe59 into normal blood cells in vitro when compared with normal plasma.Blood cells from birds in which the bone marrow was rendered hyperactive with phenylhydrazine also incorporated Fe59 in vitro, a large proportion of this reaching heme. Incorporation into the heme fraction was also observed in blood cells from erythroblastosis-infected birds treated with phenylhydrazine, indicating that heme synthesis was not completely blocked in these birds.

Normal blood function

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bunch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Cytotoxic Drugs ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Marrow Cells

This chapter reviews normal blood function and disorders of haemopoiesis. Blood consists of cells of three main types, suspended in plasma. The cellular component comprises about 40%–50% of the total volume and consists of red cells (erythrocytes), white cells (leucocytes), and platelets. Blood cells are formed from progenitor cells in the bone marrow by haemopoiesis, a process of proliferation and differentiation. Failure of haemopoiesis usually results from damage to proliferating marrow cells by cytotoxic drugs or radiation, haemopoietic malignancy, or a combination of the two.

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