IN VITRO UPTAKE OF Fe59 BY BLOOD CELLS FROM NORMAL BIRDS AND BIRDS WITH ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2057-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bather ◽  
Stella Dzuibalo ◽  
C. le Q. Darcel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Heme Synthesis ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

The cellular elements of blood obtained from birds with virus-induced erythroblastosis rapidly incorporated radioactivity when incubated in vitro with Fe59Cl3. This effect was not seen until primitive red cells entered the circulating blood. Little of the iron that was incorporated reached heme. Instead most of it was retained by a heat-resistant component which was precipitable with 35% ammonium sulphate and had properties suggestive of a ferritin-like substance. Plasma from leukemic blood had a slight promoting effect on incorporation of Fe59 into normal blood cells in vitro when compared with normal plasma.Blood cells from birds in which the bone marrow was rendered hyperactive with phenylhydrazine also incorporated Fe59 in vitro, a large proportion of this reaching heme. Incorporation into the heme fraction was also observed in blood cells from erythroblastosis-infected birds treated with phenylhydrazine, indicating that heme synthesis was not completely blocked in these birds.

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF Fe59 BY BLOOD CELLS FROM NORMAL BIRDS AND BIRDS WITH ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bather ◽  
Stella Dzuibalo ◽  
C. le Q. Darcel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Heme Synthesis ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

The cellular elements of blood obtained from birds with virus-induced erythroblastosis rapidly incorporated radioactivity when incubated in vitro with Fe59Cl3. This effect was not seen until primitive red cells entered the circulating blood. Little of the iron that was incorporated reached heme. Instead most of it was retained by a heat-resistant component which was precipitable with 35% ammonium sulphate and had properties suggestive of a ferritin-like substance. Plasma from leukemic blood had a slight promoting effect on incorporation of Fe59 into normal blood cells in vitro when compared with normal plasma.Blood cells from birds in which the bone marrow was rendered hyperactive with phenylhydrazine also incorporated Fe59 in vitro, a large proportion of this reaching heme. Incorporation into the heme fraction was also observed in blood cells from erythroblastosis-infected birds treated with phenylhydrazine, indicating that heme synthesis was not completely blocked in these birds.

Normal blood function

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bunch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Cytotoxic Drugs ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Marrow Cells

This chapter reviews normal blood function and disorders of haemopoiesis. Blood consists of cells of three main types, suspended in plasma. The cellular component comprises about 40%–50% of the total volume and consists of red cells (erythrocytes), white cells (leucocytes), and platelets. Blood cells are formed from progenitor cells in the bone marrow by haemopoiesis, a process of proliferation and differentiation. Failure of haemopoiesis usually results from damage to proliferating marrow cells by cytotoxic drugs or radiation, haemopoietic malignancy, or a combination of the two.

Comparison of Notoginsenoside R1 and TPO on Thrombopoiesis in Irradiated Mice.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3023-3023
Author(s):  
Mo Yang ◽  
T.L. Lam ◽  
Karen Kwai Har Li ◽  
L.K. Leung ◽  
KM Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Platelet Production

Abstract The use of combination of Chinese herbs as a treatment for thrombocytopenia has been reported to be effective and safe. We have reported that Angelica Polysaccharide (extracts of Angelica Sinensis) has promoting effect on blood stem cells and megakaryocytopoiesis (Yang et al, Blood, 2002, 100 (11); 53a). Sanqi, Radix Notoginseng, is the dried roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae). It has been used for treatment of trauma and bleeding due to internal and external injuries. Its main constituents are ginsenosides (a kind of saponins), as well as notoginsenosides (only rich in Notoginseng species). Although Sanqi is a well-known haemostatic drug, its effects and mechanisms on megakaryocyte/platelet production have not been studied. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a purified notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) and thrombopoietin (TPO) on thrombopoiesis in irradiated mice. NR1 (2.5 mg) and TPO (0.25 ug) were dissolved in distilled water and given by intra-peritoneal injection daily for 14 days starting from the day after radiotherapy. Peripheral blood platelets, white blood cells (WBC), and red blood cells (RBC) were analyzed from NR1, TPO, and vehicle control groups on day 0, 7 and 14. On day 14, the mice were sacrificed and bone marrow cells were harvested for CFU-MK, CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-F (fibroblastoid) assays (n=5). Our results showed that NR1 enhanced the recovery of platelets, WBC, and RBC count. Moreover, NR1 also promoted the CFU-F (12 ± 0.7 vs 19 ± 0.38 colonies/2 x 106 cells, p=0.0034), CFU-MK (22 ± 1.9 vs 26 ± 3.8 colonies/2 x 105 cells, p=0.025), CFU-GM (26 ± 5.2 vs 37 ± 4.3 colonies/2 x 105 cells, p=0.002), and BFU-E (13 ± 2.9 vs 18 ± 1.9 colonies/2 x 105 cells, p=0.003) formation. Similar results were obtained in TPO-treated group. In in-vitro study, we further analyzed the effect of NR1 (0–50mM) on mouse CFU-MK formation using a plasma clot colony assay. The results showed that NR1 (20 mM) enhanced TPO (50 ng/ml)-induced CFU-MK formation (19 ± 2.2 vs 30 ± 6.8 colonies/2 x 105 cells, p=0.02, n=5). Furthermore, the effect of NR1 (5–50 mM) on the growth of bone marrow stromal cells was also investigated using CFU-F assay. NR1 (50mM) had a promoting effect on CFU-F growth (18 ± 3.7 vs 24 ± 1.8 colonies/2 x 106 cells, p=0.043, n=5). Our studies showed that NR1 enhances thrombopoiesis in vivo and the growth of bone marrow stromal cells as well as megakaryocytes in vitro. Therefore, we speculate that the thrombopoietic activity of NR1 may be mediated via promoting the progenitor of platelet, megakaryocytes, and bone marrow stromal cells. Although TPO has been used as an agent for the recovery of platelet production after the onset of thrombocytopenia, long-term clinical usage of TPO may induce potential side effects such as thrombosis. Here we reported that the effect of NR1 is comparable with TPO on the production of platelets in irradiated mice.

Proliferative Potentials of Bone Marrow and Blood Cells Studied by in vitro Uptake of H3-Thymidine

1959 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Bond ◽  
T.M. Fliedner ◽  
E.P. Cronkite ◽  
J.R. Rubini ◽  
G. Brecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

Sex chiniaerism and germ cell distribution in a series of chimaeric mice

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Anne McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Xx Males

1. Of 30 mice born from aggregation of embryos from a multiple recessive strain with F1 embryos carrying the contrasting alleles, 4 females and 20 males proved to be overtly chimaeric. 2. Three XX/XX females, five XY/XY males and eight XY/XX males were identified by chromosome analysis. Thus 50 % of the population analysed were sex chimaeras, and all of these developed as phenotypic males, though one showed evidence of hermaphroditism. 3. In seven XY/XX chimaeras that bred, the genetic component undergoing spermatogenesis coincided in every case with the component identified by chromosome morphology as XY. 4. The F1 component predominated in metaphase plates derived from cultured blood cells. Comparison with direct preparations from bone marrow suggested selection in favour of F1 cells, either through differential proliferation of stem cells in vivo or differential response to phytohaemagglutinin in vitro. 5. In XY/XX males, the percentage of XX cells detected varied from 1 % to 98 % in blood, and from 0 % to 80 % in bone marrow. 6. Of eight ‘single-sex’ chimaeras progeny-tested (three XX/XX, five XY/XY), only one showed evidence of a mixed population of germ cells. The proportion of the two types of progeny varied significantly from litter to litter, but was unrelated to the age of the male.

scholarly journals CELLS INVOLVED IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1969 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabih I. Abdou ◽  
Maxwell Richter
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Sheep Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sheep Red Cells

Irradiated rabbits given allogeneic bone marrow cells from normal adult donors responded to an injection of sheep red blood cells by forming circulating antibodies. Their spleen cells were also capable of forming many plaques using the hemolysis in gel technique, and were also capable of undergoing blastogenesis and mitosis and of incorporating tritiated thymidine upon exposure to the specific antigen in vitro. However, irradiated rabbits injected with allogeneic bone marrow obtained from rabbits injected with sheep red blood cells 24 hr prior to sacrifice (primed donors) were incapable of mounting an immune response after stimulation with sheep red cells. This loss of reactivity by the bone marrow from primed donors is specific for the antigen injected, since the immune response of the irradiated recipients to a non-cross-reacting antigen, the horse red blood cell, is unimpaired. Treatment of the bone marrow donors with high-titered specific antiserum to sheep red cells for 24 hr prior to sacrifice did not result in any diminished ability of their bone marrow cells to transfer antibody-forming capacity to sheep red blood cells. The significance of these results, with respect to the origin of the antigen-reactive and antibody-forming cells in the rabbit, is discussed.

THE PRODUCTION OF PURPURA BY DERIVATIVES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-106
Author(s):  
Hobart A. Reimann ◽  
Louis A. Julianelle
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Marked Diminution ◽  
Derivatives Of

A study has been made of the variation in number of the blood platelets, and the red and white blood cells of white mice injected with pneumococcus extract. The blood platelets were greatly diminished after the injection, the greatest decrease usually occurring after 24 hours. Purpuric lesions usually developed when the number of blood platelets became less than 500,000 per c.mm. Regeneration of the platelets was accomplished by the 4th to the 9th day but there was an overregeneration and the return to normal did not take place until 2 weeks had elapsed. The red cells were also greatly reduced in number, but the rate of their destruction and regeneration was somewhat slower than that of the platelets. The leucocytes were slightly if at all influenced by the pneumococcus extract. Pneumococcus extracts were shown to be thrombolytic and hemolytic. Heat destroyed the activity of both the lysins in vitro. Heated extract produced purpura in mice but did not cause a severe anemia. Extracts adsorbed with either blood platelets or red blood cells showed a marked diminution in their thrombolytic and hemolytic activity in vitro. Such extracts, however, produced purpura as well as severe anemia and thrombopenia in mice.

scholarly journals Thrombopoietin, but not erythropoietin promotes viability and inhibits apoptosis of multipotent murine hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 2859-2870 ◽  
Author(s):  
OJ Borge ◽  
V Ramsfjell ◽  
OP Veiby ◽  
MJ Jr Murphy ◽  
S Lok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Multipotent Progenitors

The recently cloned c-mpl ligand, thrombopoietin (Tpo), has been extensively characterized with regard to its ability to stimulate the growth, development, and ploidy of megakaryocyte progenitor cells and platelet production in vitro and in vivo. Primitive hematopoietic progenitors have been shown to express c-mpl, the receptor for Tpo. In the present study, we show that Tpo efficiently promotes the viability of a subpopulation of Lin-Sca-1+ bone marrow progenitor cells. The ability of Tpo to maintain viable Lin-Sca-1+ progenitors was comparable to that of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-1, whereas stem cell factor (SCF) promoted the viability of a higher number of Lin-Sca-1+ progenitor cells when incubated for 40 hours. However, after prolonged (> 40 hours) preincubation, the viability-promoting effect of Tpo was similar to that of SCF. An increased number of progenitors surviving in response to Tpo had megakaryocyte potential (37%), although almost all of the progenitors produced other myeloid cell lineages as well, suggesting that Tpo acts to promote the viability of multipotent progenitors. The ability of Tpo to promote viability of Lin-Sca-1+ progenitor cells was observed when cells were plated at a concentration of 1 cell per well in fetal calf serum-supplemented and serum-depleted medium. Finally, the DNA strand breakage elongation assay showed that Tpo inhibits apoptosis of Lin-Sca-1+ bone marrow cells. Thus, Tpo has a potent ability to promote the viability and suppress apoptosis of primitive multipotent progenitor cells.

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