Dependence of electrochemical heterogeneity of steel on the degree of contamination by nonmetallic inclusions

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
A. I. Osaul ◽  
I. P. Volchok ◽  
I. E. Zamostyanik
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Electrochemical Heterogeneity

Study of the effect of the parameters of an out-of-furnace treatment of tube steels on the degree of contamination of the steels by corrosion-active nonmetallic inclusions

Metallurgist ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
E. V. Yakushev ◽  
V. V. Goncharov ◽  
V. V. Zyryanov ◽  
M. S. Kuznetsov ◽  
O. V. Pyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Furnace Treatment ◽  
Tube Steels

Regarding the mechanism of formation of nonmetallic inclusions conglomerates of system Al2O3-MgO

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341-1351
Author(s):  
A. A. Safronov ◽  
V. S. Dub ◽  
V. V. Orlov ◽  
K. L. Kosyrev ◽  
A. S. Loskutov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation

HP MAGNET PLATE STEEL

Alloy Digest ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Plate Steel ◽  
High Saturation ◽  
Careful Control ◽  
Residual Elements ◽  
High Magnetic Permeability

Abstract HP magnet steel is designed for use wherever high magnetic permeability or high saturation values are required. Its magnetic qualities result from careful control of sulfur and residual elements plus the special deoxidization practice, which minimizes nonmetallic inclusions. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-144. Producer or source: ISG Plate International Steel Group Inc.

ARMCO FORMABLE 70 HR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
High Strength Level ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel ◽  
Special Composition

Abstract ARMCO FORMABLE 70 HR is a hot-rolled steel with excellent ductility, weldability and edge-tear resistance at a minimum yield strength of 70,000 psi (483 MPa). For this relatively high strength level, it has unusually good fabricating properties that are the result of closely controlled processing of a fully killed, low-carbon, vacuum-degassed, columbium-alloyed steel. This special composition and processing practice minimize harmful nonmetallic inclusions that hamper formability. Typical applications include automotive reinforcements, truck parts and construction components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-359. Producer or source: Armco Inc., Eastern Steel Division.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Numerical Model Describing the Distribution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in the Tundish

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Tomasz Merder ◽  
Jacek Pieprzyca ◽  
Marek Warzecha ◽  
Piotr Warzecha ◽  
Artur Hutny
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Steel Flow ◽  
Flow Controllers

Continuous casting is one of the steel production stages, during which the improvement in the metallurgical purity of steel can be additionally affected by removing nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs). This can be achieved by means of various types of flow controllers, installed in the working space of the tundish. The change in the steel flow structure, caused by those flow controllers, should lead to an intensification of NMIs removal from the liquid metal to the slag. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the behavior of nonmetallic inclusions during the flow of liquid steel through the tundish, and particularly during their distribution. The presented paper reports the results of the modeling studies of NMI distribution in liquid steel, flowing through the tundish. CFD modeling methods—using different models and computation variants—were employed in the study. The obtained CFD results were compared with the results of laboratory tests (using a tundish water model). The results of the performed investigations allow us to compare both methods of modeling; the investigated phenomena were microparticle distribution and mass microparticle concentration in the model fluid. The validation of the CFD results verified the analyzed computation variants. The aim of the research was to determine which numerical model is the best for describing the studied phenomenon. This will be used as the first phase of a larger research program which will provide for a comprehensive study of the distribution of NMIs flowing through tundish steel.

scholarly journals Eye Protection in ENT Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic

OTO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2110104
Author(s):  
Jia Hui Ng ◽  
Dan Daniel ◽  
Anton Sadovoy ◽  
Constance Ee Hoon Teo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Fluorescent Microscope ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Care Worker

Objectives There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines with regard to eye protection for aerosol-generating procedures in otolaryngology practice. In addition, some recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) is not compatible with commonly used ENT equipment. This study aims to investigate the degree of eye protection that commonly used PPE gives. Study Design Simulation model. Setting Simulation laboratory. Methods A custom-built setup was utilized to simulate the clinical scenario of a patient cough in proximity of a health care worker. A system that sprays a xanthan-fluorescein mixture was set up and calibrated to simulate a human cough. A mannequin with cellulose paper placed on its forehead, eyes, and mouth was fitted with various PPE combinations and exposed to the simulated cough. The degree of contamination on the cellulose papers was quantified with a fluorescent microscope able to detect aerosols ≥10 µm. Results When no eye protection was worn, 278 droplets/aerosols reached the eye area. The use of the surgical mask with an attached upward-facing shield alone resulted in only 2 droplets/aerosols reaching the eye area. In this experiment, safety glasses and goggles performed equally, as the addition of either brought the number of droplets/aerosols reaching the eye down to 0. Conclusion When used with an upward-facing face shield, there was no difference in the eye protection rendered by safety goggles or glasses in this study. Safety glasses may be considered a viable alternative to safety goggles in aerosol-generating procedures.

scholarly journals Operating Room Fomites as Potential Sources for Microbial Transmission in Burns Theatres

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mariam Rela ◽  
Sophia Opel ◽  
Sarah Williams ◽  
Declan P. Collins ◽  
Kevin Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Operating Table ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
First Case ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Burn patients are susceptible to healthcare-associated infections. Contaminated surfaces play a role in microbial transmission. This study aimed to quantify the degree of contamination of burns theatre fomites during routine clinical use. Methods: The Patslide Patient Transfer Board (PAT slide) and operating table were investigated using two methods—bacterial swabs to culture viable organisms and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swabs to measure biological material. Both items were sampled four times a day: before the first case, immediately after a case, immediately before the next case after cleaning and after the terminal clean. Results: Among 82 bacterial samples, four organisms were isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) x2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), all from the PAT slide. The E. cloacae persisted after cleaning. In 9/82 swabs, the ATP count was >10 relative light units (RLU). In all cases where an organism was identified, the ATP count was >10 RLU. Hence the sensitivity and specificity of ATP > 10 RLU in detecting an organism were 100% and 94% respectively. Conclusions: Within burns theatres, there are instances of bacterial contamination on surfaces that persist despite cleaning. ATP luminometers as a point-of-care device may have a role in determining the cleanliness of surfaces, potentially minimizing onwards-bacterial transmission.

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