Dependence of the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of steel on the degree of contamination with nonmetallic inclusions

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 875-878
Author(s):  
A. Buch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Degree Of Contamination

scholarly journals Effect of Filter Functional Coating on Detrimental Nonmetallic Inclusions in 42CrMo4 Steel and Its Resulting Mechanical Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1900540
Author(s):  
Mikhail Seleznev ◽  
Sebastian Henschel ◽  
Enrico Storti ◽  
Christos G. Aneziris ◽  
Lutz Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
42Crmo4 Steel

Study of the effect of the parameters of an out-of-furnace treatment of tube steels on the degree of contamination of the steels by corrosion-active nonmetallic inclusions

Metallurgist ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
E. V. Yakushev ◽  
V. V. Goncharov ◽  
V. V. Zyryanov ◽  
M. S. Kuznetsov ◽  
O. V. Pyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Furnace Treatment ◽  
Tube Steels

Mechanical properties and the nature of nonmetallic inclusions in structural steel containing rare earth elements

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kryakovskii ◽  
Yu. I. Rybenchik ◽  
E. I. Tyurin ◽  
V. I. Yavoiskii
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions

Effect of Boron on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Tube Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Babenko ◽  
Vladimir I. Zhuchkov ◽  
Natalia I. Selmenskih
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Pipe Steel ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Tube Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rolled Metal ◽  
Carbon Tube ◽  
Additional Thermal Treatment ◽  
Average Size

Effects of boron in low-carbon tube steel grade 17G1SU on nonmetallic inclusions, structure and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental samples of rolled metal containing boron 0.006 and 0.011% are characterized by predominantly small, nonmetallic inclusions not more than 5 μm, which are represented by complex alumomagnesium spinels in the shell of manganese and calcium sulfides, and small silicate inclusions. Nonmetallic inclusions of comparative pipe steel sample, containing no boron characterized by the presence of larger inclusions presented complex oxysulfide and sulfide films. The main structural component of the comparative and experimental samples is ferrite. The introduction of boron is contributed by a decrease in the average size of ferritic grains from 8.7 μm (0% B) to 6.2 (0.006% B). Increasing the boron content to 0.011% leads to slight increase (up to 6.8 microns) of the size. The mechanical properties of 10 μm rolled metal pipe steel ensured the production of rolled products of strength class X80 without additional (thermal) treatment, as a result of the reduction in the size and shape of nonmetallic inclusions, and formation of dispersed structure.

scholarly journals The study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel, microalloying by boron

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Babenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia I. Selmensky ◽  
Alena G. Upolovnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bainite Structure ◽  
Temporary Resistance

The paper presents the results of the study of non-metallic inclusions, the structure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel, microalloying by boron. The study of the amount and composition of nonmetallic inclusions showed that with the introduction of boron the volume fraction of oxide and oxysulfide inclusions increases and the volume fraction of sulfide inclusions significantly decreases. At the same time, the alloying of steel with boron increases to 99.7% the proportion of inclusions with a size of no more than 5 microns against 80.6% in the metal without boron. In the metal with boron, nonmetallic inclusions larger than 10 μm are absent, while in the metal without boron their share is 13.6%. Studies have shown that in a metal containing 0.011% boron, independent boron-containing inclusions were not detected. Boron was not detected in the composition of the studied nonmetallic inclusions. In all samples, steel nonmetallic inclusions are represented mainly by oxide, oxysulfide and sulfide inclusions. In the boron-free steel, a small amount of perlite is present along with the ferritic phase. Steel microalloying by boron is accompanied by the formation of a dispersed ferrite-bainite structure, which consists of fine-grained ferrite with bainite sites with a tendency to form bainite strips along the rolling direction. The microhardness of ferrite and perlite in steel without boron does not exceed an average of 180 and 214 HV10, respectively. It is noted that the presence of boron in steel in an amount of 0.011% increases the microhardness of ferrite to 260 HV10 and bainite to 335 HV10. The mechanical properties of hot-rolled steel with a thickness of 10 mm from boron-containing low-alloyed steel, due to the predominant formation of small rounded inclusions with a size of no more than 5 microns and the formation of a fine ferrite-bainite structure, are characterized by enhanced strength properties with preservation of plastic characteristics. The absolute values of the yield strength and temporary resistance of steel with boron reach 575 and 650 MPa, respectively. With such strength properties of metal, high plastic characteristics are preserved. Rolled steel without boron is characterized by reduced to 540 and 610 MPa tensile strength and temporary resistance, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Physiological Fluids Contamination on Selected Mechanical Properties of Acrylate Bone Cement

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Karpiński ◽  
Jakub Szabelski ◽  
Jacek Maksymiuk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Degree Of Contamination

This study analyses the degradation rate of selected mechanical properties of bone cement contaminated with human blood and saline solution. During the polymerisation stage, the PMMA cement specimens were supplemented with the selected physiological fluids in a range of concentrations from 0% to 10%. The samples were then subjected to the standardised compression tests, as per ISO 5833: 2002, and hardness tests. The obtained results were analysed statistically to display the difference in the degradation of the material relative to the degree of contamination. Subsequently, numerical modelling was employed to determine the mathematical relationship between the degree of contamination and the material strength degradation rate. The introduction of various concentrations of contaminants into the cement mass resulted in a statistically significant change in their compressive strength. It was shown that the addition of more than 4% of saline and more than 6% of blood (by weight) causes that the specimens exhibit lower strength than the minimum critical value of 70 MPa, specified in the abovementioned International Standard. It was further revealed that the cement hardness characteristics degraded accordingly. The mathematical models showed a very good fit with the results from the experiments: The coefficient of determination R2 was 0.987 in the case of the linear hardness model for blood and 0.983 for salt solution; secondly, the values of R2 for the third-degree polynomial model of compressive strength were 0.88 for blood and 0.92 for salt. From the results, it can be seen that there is a quantitative/qualitative relationship between the contamination rate and the drop in the tested mechanical characteristics. Therefore, great effort must be taken to minimise the contact of the bone cement with physiological fluids, which naturally occur in the operative field, particularly when the material cures, in order to prevent the cement material strength declining below the minimum threshold specified in the ISO standard.

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