Effects of water restriction on nitrogen metabolism and urea recycling in the macropodid marsupialsMacropus eugenii (tammar wallaby) andThylogale thetis (red-necked pademelon)

M. J. Chilcott; S. A. Moore; I. D. Hume

doi:10.1007/bf00694591

Nitrogen-Metabolism in the Parma Wallaby, Macropus-Parma

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9860147 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

ID Hume

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Water Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Requirements ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Nitrogen Requirement ◽

Preferred Habitat ◽

Moist Forest ◽

Response To Water ◽

Urea Recycling

The maintenance nitrogen requirement of the parma wallaby, Macropus parma, was found to be 566 mg per kg W*0.75 per day on a dietary basis, and 477 mg per kg W*0.75 per day on a truly digestible basis. This is similar to that of the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis, another small wallaby which occupies a similar moist forest habitat, but much higher than (at least double) those of four other macropodid marsupials, all of which are from less mesic environments, that have been studied. Urea recycling decreased in response to water restriction in M. parma; in other published reports urea recycling did not change in T. thetis when water intake was restricted, but in three arid-adapted eutherian herbivores it increased. Voluntary intakes of dry matter and water by M. parma wefe also similar to those published for T. thetis, but higher than those of other macropodid species. These results support the hypothesis that within the Macropodidae nutrient requirements are linked closely with preferred habitat, regardless of phylogeny.

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Effect of Water Restriction on Nitrogen Metabolism in Bovine Fed Two Levels of Nitrogen

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/100.5.551 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 551-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. R. Utley ◽

N. W. Bradley ◽

J. A. Boling

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Effect Of Water

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Effect of ruminal degradable nitrogen deficit on nitrogen metabolism in growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls fed maize silage based diet

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200010930 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 ◽

pp. 182-182

Author(s):

D. Valkeners ◽

Y. Beckers ◽

M. Van Laere ◽

A. Théwis

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Maize Silage ◽

N Metabolism ◽

Urea Recycling ◽

Different Levels

As concerns for environmental damage instigated by agricultural processes increase, there is a greater need to develop more ecologically acceptable methods of producing agricultural products. Therefore, in beef production we have to minimise N excretion and maximise N retained. Urea recycling provides a mechanism by which N may be salvaged into bacterial matter that may be digested by the animal to supply amino acids for production purposes. According to Huntington and Archibeque (2000), the amount of recycled urea-N can be influenced by the ruminal ammonia concentration, the OM digestibility and the plasma concentration of urea. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different levels of ruminal degradable N (RDN) on nutrient digestion and N metabolism in double-muscled Belgian Blue (dm-BB) bulls fed maize silage based diet.

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Effects of Restricted Water-Intake on Digestion, Urea Recycling and Renal-Function in Wombats (Marsupialia, Vombatidae) From Contrasting Habitats

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9930527 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 527 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PS Barboza

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Tritiated Water ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Tritium Concentration ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Water Losses ◽

Tubular Resorption ◽

Contrasting Habitats ◽

Urea Recycling

Responses to limited water availability were studied in two species of wombats from mesic (Vombatus ursinus) or xeric (Lasiorhinus latifrons) habitats. Four Vombatus and three Lasiorhinus were fed a low-quality straw-based diet containing 0.6% nitrogen and 68% neutral detergent fibre (dry-matter basis). Restriction to 50% of ad libitum intakes of drinking water reduced dry-matter intakes by 30% but did not alter digestibilities of fibre or nitrogen. Nitrogen balances were negative and similar between species and water intakes. Urea pool size (C-14 urea) increased during water restriction but urea-entry rates and the proportion of urea recycled to the gut were similar between water intakes (78-89%). Tritiated water was given to wombats in single intramuscular or intraperitoneal doses. Times to equilibration of tritium in urinary water were large and variable (45 +/- 36 h). Urinary tritium concentrations often declined erratically after equilibration, and were 14 +/- 14% lower than the tritium concentration in the blood. These irregular kinetics for tritiated water suggest that the water-dilution method requires validation for the wombats. Urinary and faecal water losses were reduced by 60% during water restriction. Water was mainly lost in the faeces, which were drier in Lasiorhinus (41 % dry matter) than in Vombatus (31 %). As blood haematocrit and plasma osmolality were similar between water intakes, extracellular spaces were apparently maintained during water restriction. Glomerular filtration rates (creatinine clearance) were low (12 mL min-1) and similar between water intakes. Therefore, a more concentrated urine was produced by tubular resorption in water-restricted wombats. Lasiorhinus had greater urinary osmolalities and urine: plasma ratios of creatinine, which reflected a greater urine-concentrating ability than Vombatus. Apparent water intakes and the ability to reduce urinary and faecal water losses in the wombats are similar to those of kangaroos. The contrasting abilities of Vombatus and Lasiorhinus to minimise both these water losses are directly related to their separate distributions.

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Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Young Plants of Parkia pendula Submitted to Drought

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n1p459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 459

Author(s):

Oliveira B. Tamires ◽

Karollyne R. S. Silva ◽

Dielle T. F. Teixeira ◽

Milena P. Moraes ◽

Glauco A. S. Nogueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Water Stress ◽

Plant Defense ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Defense System ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

The Family ◽

Set Up

The (Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp.) species most know as visgueiro is a native specie from the Amazon region, belongs to the family Fabaceae-mimosoideae and has been scientifically studied because it is used in landscape projects and the restoration of degraded areas. Intrinsic responses of this species due to water stress is still very superficial, lacking a larger scientific approach in nitrogen and oxidative parameters. For this, a greenhouse experiment was set up in the Federal Rural University of Amazon with seedlings, where they were submitted to water restriction. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 3 factorial design (control and water deficit, and three evaluation times), with 5 replications, totaling 30 experimental units. The results showed that the RWC reduced during the experiment from 73.5% to 52.99%, evidencing a lower amount of water in these plants. This condition caused the plants to respond positively to the increase of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, APX and SOD), making the plant defense system efficient. As well as for some variables of nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that the RWC reduced during the experiment from 73.5% to 52.99%, evidencing a lower amount of water in these plants. This condition caused the plants to respond positively to the increase of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, APX and SOD), making the plant defense system efficient. As well as for some variables of nitrogen metabolism. The species in this experimental condition was considered as sensitive to the water stress condition.

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Some effects of water restriction on nitrogen metabolism of cattle

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9690185 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

RF Thornton ◽

NG Yates

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Water Intake ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Faecal Nitrogen

Water restriction was found to decrease nitrogen retention in cattle when compared with periods of similar digestible energy intake but unrestricted water intake. The decreased nitrogen retention was associated with increases in both faecal nitrogen output and urinary urea excretion. The rise in urinary urea nitrogen excretion appeared to be mediated through increased plasma urea nitrogen concentration.

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The effect of level of water intake on some aspects of digestion and nitrogen metabolism of the ‘desert sheep’ of the Sudan

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600050231 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

H. Elsayed Osman ◽

B. Fadlalla

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Water Intake ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

SUMMARYFive successive trials were conducted using eight adult rams (Sudan desert sheep) to study the effect of restriction of water intake on some aspects of digestion and nitrogen metabolism. The feeds used in this study were berseem hay (Medicago sativa), lubia hay (Dolichos lablab), maize hay (Zea mais), a concentrate mixture, and dry desert grasses (hummra) (a mixture ofDactyloctenium aegyptium, Schoenefeldia gracilis, Eragrostis pilosa, Aristida funiculataandAristidaspp.).Restriction of water did not affect the digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein and crude fibre significantly. The digestibility coefficient of ether extract was significantly reduced whereas that of nitrogen-free extract was slightly higher when water was restricted.The concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids in the rumen and of urea in the blood were recorded before and 3 h after feeding. Increases in rumen ammonia and blood urea nitrogen concentration were reduced by water restriction except when hummra was fed.Restriction of water intake also slightly increased thein vitrorate of fermentation of rumen contents which is taken as a measure of microbial activity in the rumen, and the retention of nitrogen. These results are interpreted as indications of more efficient nitrogen utilization under conditions of water restriction.There were no significant effects of the treatments on changes in the concentration of volatile fatty acids.The significance of these findings in relation to the management of desert sheep in the arid parts of the Sudan is discussed with special reference to the effect of the level of dry-matter intake on nitrogen balance.

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