Effects of bacterial endotoxin on the ciliary activity in the in vitro eustachian tube

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohashi ◽  
Y. Nakai ◽  
H. Ikeoka ◽  
H. Koshimo ◽  
Y. Esaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Ciliary Activity

Inhibition of Mucociliary Clearance of the Eustachian Tube by Leukotrienes C4 and D4

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Ganbo ◽  
Tsukasa Nakajima ◽  
Ken-Ichi Hisamaisu ◽  
Hajime Inoue ◽  
Shin-Ichi Shimomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Leukotriene D4 ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Brain Stem Response ◽  
Ear Effusion

The effect of leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on mucociliary clearance of the eustachian tube was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Normal ciliated epithelium was obtained from the eustachian tube of guinea pigs and incubated separately with LTC4, LTD4, and PGE2 at concentrations of 10−8 mol/L and 10−6 mol/L. Ciliary activity was measured photoelectrically. Leukotriene D4 progressively inhibited ciliary activity, while PGE2 promoted it. Leukotriene C4 also induced ciliary inhibition. One milliliter each of 10−5 mol/L LTC4, LTD4, and PGE2 was directly injected into the tympanic bullae of chinchillas under anesthesia. The middle ears were examined by otomicroscopy, tympanometry, and auditory brain stem response over time. Clearance of middle ear effusion was delayed by LTC4 and LTD4, as compared with PGE2 and the control. These findings indicate that LTC4 and LTD4 inhibit mucociliary clearance of the eusiachian tube.

Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on Mucociliary Clearance of the Eustachian Tube

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Ganbo ◽  
Mayumi Nakajima ◽  
Ken-Ichi Hisamatsu ◽  
Hajime Inoue ◽  
Kazuhito Kjxushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The effects of platelet activating factor (PAF) on mucociliary clearance of the eustachian tube were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Normal ciliated epithelium was obtained from the eustachian tube of guinea pigs and incubated with PAF at concentrations ranging from 10−10 to 10−6 mol/L. Ciliary activity was observed under an inverted microscope and quantified photoelectrically. The PAF dose-dependently inhibited ciliary activity. One milliliter each of 10−5 mol/L PAF, 10−5 mol/L prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 10−5 mol/L PAF and PGE2, or the control solution (0.1 v/v% methanol-phosphate-buffered saline) was directly injected into the tympanic bullae of anesthetized chinchillas. The middle ear was examined by otomicroscopy, tympanometry, and auditory brain stem response in relation to time. The PAF delayed middle ear clearance, and the PGE2 augmented its delay. These findings suggest that PAF inhibits mucociliary clearance of the eustachian tube from the middle ear, and that PGE2 plays an important role in the augmentation of inflammatory disorders.

Effects of Staphylococcus Aureus on the Ciliary Activity of the Middle Ear Lining

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Shoko Kihara ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeoka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
In Vitro System

Our previous investigation using normal guinea pigs disclosed that, like respiratory mucosa, the middle ear lining has ciliary activity, and that this ciliary activity becomes more active as the location becomes more distal to the eustachian tube. In this experimental study, the effects of Staphylococcus aureus on the middle ear lining was examined from functional and morphological viewpoints. In conclusion, the ciliary activity at the entrance to the eustachian tube and that more distal to the tube present a similar pattern of reaction to S aureus in an in vitro system. On the other hand, the ciliary activity of the middle ear lining displays a varying pattern of reaction according to the locations within the tympanic cavity.

Effect of Prostaglandin E2 and Bacterial Endotoxin on the Rate of Dye Transport in the Eustachian Tube of the Chinchilla

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren O. Bakaletz ◽  
Stephen R. Griffith ◽  
David J. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
In Situ Method ◽  
Dye Transport ◽  
High Concentrations

To determine the effects of various biologic agents on the rate of fluid transport in the eustachian tube of the chinchilla, we have established an in situ method of measuring dye transport in which the bulla remains intact. The normal rate of dye transport from an injection site in the superior bulla to the nasopharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube was 130 ± 10 seconds. Inhibition of ciliary activity with the local anesthetic bupivacaine resulted in a saturable delay of transport (> 15 minutes), while exposure to the β-adrenergic stimulator isoproterenol caused a significant increase in transport rate (79 ± 7 seconds). Two inflammatory mediators commonly found in chronic middle ear effusions were also tested for their effect on fluid transport by the mucociliary apparatus. Bacterial endotoxin reduced transport rates at high concentrations, while prostaglandin E2 had no effect at any concentration tested.

Effects of Bacterial Endotoxin on the Ciliary Activity in the in Vitro Middle Ear Mucosa

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeoka ◽  
Hiroyuki Koshimi ◽  
Yusuke Esaki
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

Physiological and hypertonic saline solutions impair ciliary activity in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
W.M. Boek ◽  
N. Keles ◽  
K. Graamans ◽  
E.H. Huizing
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Saline Solutions

Effects of tobacco smoke compounds on the ciliary activity of the embryo chicken trachea in vitro

Toxicology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil Petersson ◽  
Margareta Curvall ◽  
Curt R. Enzell
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Ciliary Activity

Effect of Amiloride on Human Bronchial Ciliary Activity in vitro

Respiration ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Di Benedetto ◽  
M.T. Lopez-Vidriero ◽  
L. Carratù ◽  
S.W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Activity

scholarly journals Purinergic Modulation of Interleukin-1β Release from Microglial Cells Stimulated with Bacterial Endotoxin

1997 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ferrari ◽  
Paola Chiozzi ◽  
Simonetta Falzoni ◽  
Stefania Hanau ◽  
Francesco Di  Virgilio
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Microglial Cells

Microglial cells express a peculiar plasma membrane receptor for extracellular ATP, named P2Z/P2X7 purinergic receptor, that triggers massive transmembrane ion fluxes and a reversible permeabilization of the plasma membrane to hydrophylic molecules of up to 900 dalton molecule weight and eventual cell death (Di Virgilio, F. 1995. Immunol. Today. 16:524–528). The physiological role of this newly cloned (Surprenant, A., F. Rassendren, E. Kawashima, R.A. North and G. Buell. 1996. Science (Wash. DC). 272:735–737) cytolytic receptor is unknown. In vitro and in vivo activation of the macrophage and microglial cell P2Z/P2X7 receptor by exogenous ATP causes a large and rapid release of mature IL-1β. In the present report we investigated the role of microglial P2Z/P2X7 receptor in IL-1β release triggered by LPS. Our data suggest that LPS-dependent IL-1β release involves activation of this purinergic receptor as it is inhibited by the selective P2Z/P2X7 blocker oxidized ATP and modulated by ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes such as apyrase or hexokinase. Furthermore, microglial cells release ATP when stimulated with LPS. LPS-dependent release of ATP is also observed in monocyte-derived human macrophages. It is suggested that bacterial endotoxin activates an autocrine/paracrine loop that drives ATP-dependent IL-1β secretion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document