Target prices, market prices, and economic efficiency in agriculture in the United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel D. Uri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Prices

scholarly journals Gubernatorial Rhetoric and the Purpose of Education in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick M. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
General Public ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Purpose Of Education

For decades, scholars have debated the purpose of U.S. education, but too often ignored how non-education-related power brokers define education or the requisite consequences.[Qu: Is there a different way of phrasing this? I'm not sure, in reading it, what you intend "the requisite consequences" to mean. Does this mean the results of education, or the consequences of inaccurate definitions of it? Also, may we rephrase "non-education-related power brokers" to something like "power brokers without education experience"?]This study examines how one of the most prominent categories of U.S. leaders, state governors, defines education and discusses the policy implications. We examine gubernatorial rhetoric—that is, public speeches—about education, collected from State of the State speeches from 2001 to 2008. In all, one purpose gains overwhelmingly more attention—economic efficiency. As long as governors and the general public, seen enthymematically through gubernatorial rhetoric, define education in economic terms, other purposes will likely remain marginalized, leading to education policies designed disproportionately to advance economic ends.

The United States

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-136
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Energy Equivalent ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Gross State Product ◽  
Positive Score

This chapter applies the ? model to the United States of America. By assuming that the US is a ‘world-system,' we can measure the economic efficiency of each state (and the District of Columbia). The model predicts an output floor based on the inputs of land and people as per-unit energy-equivalents. This expected output is then compared to the actual Gross State Product (GSP) as a per-unit energy-equivalent. States that are economically efficient register a positive residual, and hence a positive ? score. However, given potential measurement inaccuracies, states with low negative scores are also added to this efficient tier.

scholarly journals Evaluation of GA4+7 plus 6-Benzyladenine as a Frost-rescue Treatment for Apple

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McArtney ◽  
Duane Greene ◽  
Terence Robinson ◽  
James Wargo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Rescue Treatment ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Stimulation Of

Freeze events during bloom can be a relatively frequent occurrence in many apple (Malus ×domestica) production areas in the United States that significantly reduce orchard productivity and profitability. This study investigated the potential for a proprietary mixture of gibberellin A4 + A7 and 6-benzyladenine (GA4+7 plus 6-BA) to increase fruit set and cropping of apple following freeze events at three locations across the United States during bloom in 2012. GA4+7 plus 6-BA increased fruit set in two of five experiments, and increased fruit number and yield per tree in three of five experiments. GA4+7 plus 6-BA increased fruit set and yield of ‘Taylor Spur Rome’ following freezes on two consecutive days during bloom when the minimum temperature reached 23.9 and 28.4 °F. Fruit set was increased due to a stimulation of parthenocarpic fruit growth. Using locally obtained market prices, GA4+7 plus 6-BA treatments increased the crop value of ‘Taylor Spur Rome’, ‘Ginger Gold’, and ‘Jonagold’ by $3842, $977, and $6218 per acre, respectively. Although GA4+7 plus 6-BA application(s) after a freeze increased fruit set and cropping in some instances, tree yields were well below the average yields previously obtained in the test orchards.

Collective Bargaining as a Form of Employee Participation:

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Block ◽  
Peter Berg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Worker Rights ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
Work Scheduling

The purpose of this article is to examine the differing rationales for collective bargaining in the United States and Europe, and how these rationales affect the nature of participation through collective bargaining. The article shows how the basis for collective bargaining in the United States has been the removal of impediments to economic efficiency caused by disputes over union recognition, while in Europe it has generally been industrial pluralism and worker rights. In the United States, given the economic rationale for collective bargaining, in situations in which collective bargaining is perceived as impairing economic efficiency the scope of participation through collective bargaining is narrowed. On the contrary, the pluralistic and worker rights rationale for collective bargaining in Europe has resulted in deep collective worker participation at all levels on a range of matters ranging from national policy to work scheduling.

State Support and Assessment of the Feasibility of Shale Gas Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Khoroshiltsev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Tight Reservoirs ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

The article analyzes shale gas production in the United States and calculates its economic efficiency. The development of shale gas production became possible due to the combination of tight reservoirs in a single technological process of drilling and hydraulic fracturing. A technological breakthrough in gas production made it economically attractive for investors (considering the prices of that period) to develop unconventional hydrocarbon deposits. At the same time, like any new industrial sector, the development of shale gas is associated with significant costs at various levels.

scholarly journals Natural climate solutions for the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaat1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Fargione ◽  
Steven Bassett ◽  
Timothy Boucher ◽  
Scott D. Bridgham ◽  
Richard T. Conant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Natural Climate

Limiting climate warming to <2°C requires increased mitigation efforts, including land stewardship, whose potential in the United States is poorly understood. We quantified the potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)—21 conservation, restoration, and improved land management interventions on natural and agricultural lands—to increase carbon storage and avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. We found a maximum potential of 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) Pg CO2e year−1, the equivalent of 21% of current net annual emissions of the United States. At current carbon market prices (USD 10 per Mg CO2e), 299 Tg CO2e year−1could be achieved. NCS would also provide air and water filtration, flood control, soil health, wildlife habitat, and climate resilience benefits.

Market prices for water in the semiarid West of the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Brookshire ◽  
Bonnie Colby ◽  
Mary Ewers ◽  
Philip T. Ganderton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Prices

scholarly journals Establishing Cucumber Production in Lesser Developed Countries: An Absolute Cost Advantage of Mexico versus Hispaniola Producers

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
Byron L. Frenz ◽  
Jack E. Staub
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Price Risks

During winter months, a substantial volume of various horticultural products are imported to the United States from the Caribbean and Central and South America. United States cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) processors who market fresh-pack and refrigerated products require raw product daily to meet consumer demands. Mexico serves as a single-source supplier to all United States processors during this period, and thus Mexican production represents certain price risks. United States processors would consider other growing regions to reduce these risks if financially attractive alternatives could be identified. Therefore, a project was initiated to acquire information on production and export costs in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and to compare those to Mexican and United States production and transport costs. Experimentation lead to the identification of the critical influences of market prices, costs and conditions for the financial feasibility of establishing a processing cucumber industry on Hispaniola. Comparative evaluation indicated that significant variation in total cost was caused by fluctuations in transport, tariffs, and labor cost components. The causes of variation in transportation costs were distance, method (sea, air, truck), competitive demand (volume), and shipping frequency, consistency, and capacity.

The Economic Cost of Poverty Is Enormous

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Mark Robert Rank ◽  
Lawrence M. Eppard ◽  
Heather E. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Childhood Poverty

Chapter 11 analyzes the overall economic cost of poverty to the United States. Childhood poverty is estimated to cost the United States approximately $1 trillion a year. This is the result of a loss of economic productivity, higher health expenses, and increased criminal justice costs. It is also estimated that for every dollar spent in reducing poverty, the nation would save up to $12 in reduced expenses. The argument of equality versus efficiency is discussed, and shown to be lacking in strength. High rates of poverty are viewed as leading to greater inequality as well as reducing economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Pivoting to Childbirth at Home or in Freestanding Birth Centers1 in the US During COVID-19: Safety, Economics and Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty-Anne Daviss ◽  
David A. Anderson ◽  
Kenneth C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Debt ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Birth Centers ◽  
Business Failures ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Homes

Birth-related decisions principally center on safety; giving birth during a pandemic brings safety challenges to a new level, especially when choosing the birth setting. Amid the COVID-19 crisis, the concurrent work furloughs, business failures, and mounting public and private debt have made prudent expenditures an inescapable second concern. This article examines the intersections of safety, economic efficiency, insurance, liability and birthing persons’ needs that have become critical as the pandemic has ravaged bodies and economies around the world. Those interests, and the challenges and solutions discussed in this article, remain important even in less troubled times. Our economic analysis suggests that having an additional 10% of deliveries take place in private homes or freestanding birth centers could save almost $11 billion per year in the United States without compromising safety.

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